The skin is a complex barrier for drug penetration, but understanding its structure and interactions can improve drug delivery methods.
202 citations,
June 2005 in “Aaps Pharmscitech” Lecithin organogels could be good for applying drugs to the skin because they are stable, safe, and can improve drug absorption.
182 citations,
November 2017 in “Molecular Aspects of Medicine” The PDGF/PDGFR pathway is a potential drug target with mixed success in treating various diseases, including some cancers and fibrosis.
182 citations,
December 2007 in “BJCP. British journal of clinical pharmacology/British journal of clinical pharmacology” Hair follicles significantly increase the speed and amount of caffeine absorbed through the skin.
179 citations,
September 1998 in “BMJ” Hair loss in men is common, treatable, but not curable.
174 citations,
November 2002 in “Expert Reviews in Molecular Medicine” Hair loss needs more research for better treatments.
165 citations,
February 2014 in “Phytotherapy Research” Myrtle has various health benefits and potential for medicine development.
153 citations,
October 2012 in “Skin Pharmacology and Physiology” Caffeine in cosmetics may reduce cellulite, protect skin, and stimulate hair growth, but more research is needed on its use and effects.
149 citations,
September 2017 in “Pharmaceutics” Pig skin is a good substitute for human skin to measure drug absorption, but differences in skin structure and enzymes across species must be considered.
140 citations,
December 2017 in “Journal of Controlled Release” Microneedles improve drug delivery in various body parts, are safe and painless, and show promise in cosmetology, vaccination, insulin delivery, and other medical applications.
136 citations,
May 2016 in “Phytotherapy Research” Turmeric may have benefits for skin health, but more research is needed to confirm its effectiveness.
135 citations,
December 2015 in “Expert Opinion on Biological Therapy” Exosomes could potentially enhance tissue repair and regeneration with lower rejection risk and easier production than live cell therapies.
130 citations,
September 2018 in “Cell Reports” Macrophages help heal nerves by aiding the maturation of Schwann cells and are important for nerve repair.
118 citations,
May 2015 in “European journal of pharmaceutics and biopharmaceutics” The hydrogel with a 1:3 ratio of hydroxyethyl cellulose to hyaluronic acid is effective for delivering drugs through the skin to treat acne.
117 citations,
March 2017 in “Nature Communications” Macrophages help regrow hair by activating stem cells using AKT/β-catenin and TNF.
114 citations,
March 2002 in “Current opinion in oncology/Current opinion in oncology, with cancerlit” Cancer therapy can cause various skin problems, including hair loss, skin darkening, painful hand-foot syndrome, and severe skin damage.
112 citations,
January 2014 in “Molecular and cellular therapies” Blocking the Wnt pathway could lead to new treatments for cancer and tissue repair but requires careful development to avoid side effects.
109 citations,
March 2011 in “Journal of controlled release” New micelle solutions greatly improve skin delivery of certain antifungal drugs.
108 citations,
December 2003 in “Clinical breast cancer” PLD is an effective and safer alternative for treating breast cancer.
101 citations,
January 1997 in “Journal of Investigative Dermatology Symposium Proceedings” Nerves and chemicals in the body can affect hair growth and loss.
100 citations,
November 1996 in “Molecular Medicine Today” Growth factors and cytokines are important for hair growth and could potentially treat hair loss, but more research is needed to overcome challenges before they can be used in treatments.
97 citations,
September 2011 in “British Journal of Dermatology” The human hair follicle can store topical compounds and be targeted for drug delivery with minimal side effects.
97 citations,
September 2006 in “Pharmaceutical Research” No treatment fully prevents hair loss from chemotherapy yet.
94 citations,
May 2011 in “BJCP. British journal of clinical pharmacology/British journal of clinical pharmacology” Hair follicles greatly increase caffeine absorption through the skin shortly after it's applied.
88 citations,
February 2008 in “Journal of Medicinal Chemistry” Scientists made the first metal-based compounds from a nonsteroidal antiandrogen drug, which showed potential in fighting both hormone-dependent and independent prostate cancer cells.
87 citations,
March 2014 in “Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) - Molecular and Cell Biology of Lipids” Cholesterol sulfate buildup due to a genetic mutation disrupts the skin barrier, leading to the scaling skin seen in X-linked ichthyosis.
82 citations,
December 2015 in “Nanomedicine” Nanoparticle systems make cancer treatment less toxic.
82 citations,
May 2009 in “BJCP. British journal of clinical pharmacology/British journal of clinical pharmacology” Caffeine penetrates human skin in lab tests similarly to real-life conditions, but actual skin use is still essential for accurate results.
82 citations,
January 2002 in “Journal of drug targeting” Drugs penetrate scalp skin better than abdominal skin, with scalp hair follicles aiding in higher drug delivery.
77 citations,
March 2001 in “Clinics in Dermatology” Androgenetic alopecia involves genetics, hormones, and can be treated with medications or surgery.