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Glossary Epidermal Differentiation Genes

regulate skin cell maturation and barrier formation

Epidermal Differentiation Genes are a group of genes that play a crucial role in the development and maturation of the outermost layer of the skin, known as the epidermis. These genes regulate the process by which skin cells (keratinocytes) mature, form protective barriers, and eventually shed, ensuring the skin remains healthy and functional.

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research Isolation and Characterization of Human Repetin, a Member of the Fused Gene Family of the Epidermal Differentiation Complex

77 citations , April 2005 in “Journal of Investigative Dermatology”

Repetin is a protein involved in skin and hair development, binding calcium and compensating for other proteins when needed.

research 604 DNA dioxygenases TET regulate keratin gene expression and enhancer networks within lineage-specific gene loci during epidermal and hair follicle-specific keratinocyte differentiation

April 2021 in “The journal of investigative dermatology/Journal of investigative dermatology”

In this study, researchers found that the deletion of Tet2/3 enzymes in mice led to changes in skin development and hair follicle differentiation, ultimately causing hair loss and altered gene expression.

research Identification of novel glucocorticoid receptor-regulated genes involved in epidermal homeostasis and hair follicle differentiation

19 citations , September 2007 in “The Journal of Steroid Biochemistry and Molecular Biology”

Glucocorticoid receptors help regulate genes important for skin health and hair growth.

2,3,7,8-Tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin Increases the Expression of Genes in the Human Epidermal Differentiation Complex and Accelerates Epidermal Barrier Formation

research 2,3,7,8-Tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin Increases the Expression of Genes in the Human Epidermal Differentiation Complex and Accelerates Epidermal Barrier Formation

86 citations , August 2011 in “Toxicological sciences”

In this study, researchers found that TCDD exposure accelerated differentiation and altered gene expression in human epidermal cells, indicating the epidermal barrier as a target of TCDD-activated AHR.

research Epidermal Dysplasia and Abnormal Hair Follicles in Transgenic Mice Overexpressing Homeobox Gene MSX-2

49 citations , August 1999 in “Journal of Investigative Dermatology”

In this study, transgenic mice expressing Msx-2 developed flaky skin with hyperproliferation and misalignment in epidermal cells, suggesting Msx-2 plays a role in skin and appendage growth control.

Chromatin Remodeler Lymphoid-Specific Helicase (Lsh) Is a Critical Determinant Controlling Postnatal Epidermal Growth, Differentiation, and Response to Injury

research 707 Chromatin remodeler Lymphoid-specific helicase (Lsh) is a critical determinant controlling postnatal epidermal growth, differentiation and response to injury

April 2016 in “Journal of Investigative Dermatology”

This study reported that the absence of Lsh in skin led to significant epidermal hyperplasia and altered gene expression, suggesting its crucial role in regulating epidermal proliferation, differentiation, and wound healing.

research 591 Chromatin architectural protein CTCF regulates terminal keratinocyte differentiation in the developing epidermis and hair follicles

April 2021 in “The journal of investigative dermatology/Journal of investigative dermatology”

This study found that CTCF is crucial for proper skin and hair follicle development in mice, affecting keratinocyte differentiation and gene expression in keratin loci.

research Epidermal Differentiation Complex: A Review on Its Epigenetic Regulation and Potential Drug Targets.

39 citations , January 2016 in “PubMed”

This review discusses the role of epidermal differentiation complex genes and epigenetic mechanisms in skin development and certain diseases, emphasizing their potential for improving drug development and delivery systems but provides no new experimental results.

research Planar cell polarity effector gene Intu regulates cell fate-specific differentiation of keratinocytes through the primary cilia

19 citations , August 2012 in “Cell death and differentiation”

This study found that disrupting the inturned gene in developing mouse epidermis halted hair follicle formation due to impaired keratinocyte differentiation, highlighting primary cilia's role in tissue-specific planar cell polarity signaling.

research The role of Glucosylceramides in Keratinocyte Differentiation and Epidermal Barrier Function

1 citations , January 2013

This study observed that inducible deletion of the Ugcg gene in mouse epidermis led to a significant reduction in GlcCers and epidermal POS-Cers, causing impaired skin barrier function and delayed wound healing.

research 547 CDK9 Kinase Activation in Association with AFF1-SEC Initiate Epidermal Progenitor differentiation

November 2022 in “Journal of Investigative Dermatology”

This study reported that an HS-associated NCSTN mutation in iPSC-derived skin organoids led to altered hair follicle stem cell differentiation and increased expression of proteins linked to HS inflammation.

research Expression of the Scube3 epidermal growth factor-related gene during early embryonic development in the mouse

17 citations , December 2006 in “Gene Expression Patterns”

This study reports that the mouse Scube3 gene is expressed in various tissues during embryonic development, including the neural tube, limb buds, developing tooth, hair follicle, and skeletal regions.

research Chapter 3 Expression and Modification of Keratins During Terminal Differentiation of Mammalian Epidermis

81 citations , January 1987 in “Current topics in developmental biology/Current Topics in Developmental Biology”

Keratins change and are modified differently in skin layers and body parts.

research Loss of ERBB2 and ERBB3 Receptors Impacts Epidermal Differentiation in Mice

July 2024 in “Journal of Investigative Dermatology”

In this animal study, researchers found that the simultaneous deletion of ERBB2 and ERBB3 in mice results in impaired skin differentiation, inflammation, and sebaceous gland alteration, leading to skin lesions, while highlighting potential side effects in cancer therapies targeting these receptors.

research Hair follicle differentiation: expression, structure and evolutionary conservation of the hair type II keratin intermediate filament gene family

65 citations , February 1992 in “Development”

This study characterizes a type II keratin intermediate filament gene family involved in early sheep follicle differentiation, detailing gene expression patterns and sequences in hair cortical cells.

research A 4kb Fragment of the Desmocollin 3 Promoter Directs Reporter Gene Expression to Parakeratotic Epidermis and Primary Hair Follicles

1 citations , July 2006 in “Journal of Investigative Dermatology”

A 4kb fragment of the desmocollin 3 promoter targets gene expression to specific skin and hair follicle areas.

Ectopic Expression of the Nude Gene Induces Hyperproliferation and Defects in Differentiation: Implications for the Self-Renewal of Cutaneous Epithelia

research Ectopic Expression of the nude Gene Induces Hyperproliferation and Defects in Differentiation: Implications for the Self-Renewal of Cutaneous Epithelia

69 citations , August 1999 in “Developmental biology”

This study found that ectopic expression of Whn in transgenic mice caused impaired differentiation in epidermis and hair follicles, with hair growth defects and severe urinary tract issues leading to hydronephrosis.

research Human Epidermal Neural Crest Stem Cells (hEPI-NCSC)—Characterization and Directed Differentiation into Osteocytes and Melanocytes

91 citations , March 2011 in “Stem Cell Reviews and Reports”

This article describes protocols for isolating and expanding human epidermal neural crest stem cells and discusses their potential for cell-based therapies in regenerative medicine, but reports no new clinical results.

The Early Region of Trichodysplasia Spinulosa Polyomavirus Drives Proliferation, Altered Differentiation, and Ectopic Expression of Hair Follicle Differentiation Markers in Interfollicular Tail Epidermis

research LB1019 The early region of trichodysplasia spinulosa polyomavirus drives proliferation, altered differentiation, and ectopic expression of hair follicle differentiation markers in interfollicular tail epidermis

July 2022 in “The journal of investigative dermatology/Journal of investigative dermatology”

In this study, researchers found that TSPyV T antigens can disrupt normal cell differentiation and proliferation in hair follicles and interfollicular epidermis, possibly contributing to trichodysplasia spinulosa pathology.

research Coactivator MED1 Ablation in Keratinocytes Results in Hair-Cycling Defects and Epidermal Alterations

41 citations , December 2011 in “The journal of investigative dermatology/Journal of investigative dermatology”

This study reported that deleting the MED1 subunit from the MED complex in keratinocytes resulted in disrupted hair differentiation and cycling, leading to hair loss in mice.

research Author response: Loss of Dnmt3a and Dnmt3b does not affect epidermal homeostasis but promotes squamous transformation through PPAR-γ

March 2017

This study found that loss of the DNA methyltransferase Dnmt3a, but not Dnmt3b, increased carcinogen-induced squamous tumors in murine epidermis, with combined deletion leading to more aggressive and metastatic carcinomas.

research The nude gene and the skin

41 citations , October 2001 in “Experimental Dermatology”

This review discusses the molecular and functional aspects of the nude gene in skin biology, providing insights into its role and evolutionary development, but reports no new results.

research Decision letter: Loss of Dnmt3a and Dnmt3b does not affect epidermal homeostasis but promotes squamous transformation through PPAR-γ

November 2016

The research found that while Dnmt3a and Dnmt3b are not necessary for skin homeostasis in mice, the loss of Dnmt3a increases squamous tumor formation from carcinogens, and combined deletion of both results in more aggressive and metastatic tumors.

research Whn and mHa3 are components of the genetic hierarchy controlling hair follicle differentiation

79 citations , December 1999 in “Mechanisms of Development”

Whn is crucial for hair growth in certain areas by controlling a specific gene.

research Transcriptomic landscape of early hair follicle and epidermal development

23 citations , June 2023 in “Cell Reports”

In this study, researchers used transcriptomics and modeling to uncover previously unknown cell populations and marker genes in developing hair follicles, providing insights into early cell fate establishment and offering tools for further research on skin appendages.

research Tcf3 and Lef1 regulate lineage differentiation of multipotent stem cells in skin

555 citations , July 2001 in “Genes & Development”

This study found that Tcf3 and Lef1 differently regulate cell differentiation in multipotent skin stem cells, with Tcf3 promoting follicle-like features and Lef1, when modified, promoting sebocyte differentiation.

research Pax9 is required for filiform papilla development and suppresses skin-specific differentiation of the mammalian tongue epithelium

56 citations , July 2004 in “Mechanisms of Development”

Pax9 is crucial for proper tongue surface development and preventing skin-like changes.

research Effects of non-ablative fractional erbium glass laser treatment on gene regulation in human three-dimensional skin models

24 citations , January 2016 in “Lasers in Medical Science”

This study found that non-ablative fractional erbium glass laser treatment affected gene regulation in human skin models by downregulating MMP and interleukin expression, suggesting potential roles in dermal remodeling and anti-inflammatory effects.

research Multiple Roles of Integrin-Linked Kinase in Epidermal Development, Maturation and Pigmentation Revealed by Molecular Profiling

9 citations , May 2012 in “PLOS ONE”

This study found that integrin-linked kinase is crucial for various epidermal functions, including differentiation and barrier formation, and also plays a previously unreported role in melanocyte development and function.

research Expression of the Intermediate Filament Keratin Gene,K15,in the Basal Cell Layers of Epithelia and the Hair Follicle

46 citations , November 1998 in “Experimental Cell Research”

This study found that K15 is variably expressed in sheep and mouse hair follicles, with specific patterns suggesting a role in the early stages of keratinocyte differentiation.