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GlossaryEmbryogenesis (Embryonic Development)

process where a fertilized egg develops into an embryo

Embryogenesis, also known as embryonic development, is the process by which a fertilized egg (zygote) develops into a fully formed embryo. This complex process involves cell division, differentiation, and morphogenesis, where cells specialize and organize into tissues and organs. It is a critical phase in prenatal development, laying the foundation for all the body's structures and systems.

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P63 Targeted Deletion Under the FOXN1 Promoter Disrupts Pre- and Post-Natal Thymus Development, Function, and Maintenance, and Induces Severe Hair Loss

research P63 Targeted Deletion Under the FOXN1 Promoter Disrupts Pre- and Post-Natal Thymus Development, Function, and Maintenance, and Induces Severe Hair Loss

5 citations, January 2022 in “PloS one”

Deleting the p63 gene in certain cells causes problems in thymus development and severe hair loss in mice.

research Identification of an Intronic Regulatory Element Necessary for Tissue-Specific Expression of Foxn1 in Thymic Epithelial Cells

17 citations, June 2019 in “The journal of immunology/The Journal of immunology”

A specific DNA region is crucial for Foxn1 gene expression in thymus cells but not in hair follicles.

Regulation of Melanocyte Stem Cells in the Pigmentation of Skin and Its Appendages: Biological Patterning and Therapeutic Potentials

research Regulation of Melanocyte Stem Cells in the Pigmentation of Skin and Its Appendages: Biological Patterning and Therapeutic Potentials

41 citations, December 2018 in “Experimental Dermatology”

Understanding how melanocyte stem cells work could lead to new treatments for hair graying and skin pigmentation disorders.

research Rare and Underappreciated Causes of Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome

January 2022 in “IntechOpen eBooks”

Some lesser-known causes of PCOS include autoimmune issues, genetic mutations, and changes in the body's microbiome.

research RANKL Induces Organized Lymph Node Growth by Stromal Cell Proliferation

42 citations, December 2011 in “The journal of immunology/The Journal of immunology”

RANKL causes lymph nodes to grow by making certain cells multiply.

research Developing Stratified Epithelia: Lessons from the Epidermis and Thymus

27 citations, August 2014 in “Wiley interdisciplinary reviews. Developmental biology”

The skin and thymus develop similarly to protect and support immunity.

research FOXN1: A Master Regulator Gene of Thymic Epithelial Development Program

69 citations, January 2013 in “Frontiers in Immunology”

The FOXN1 gene is crucial for developing immune cells and preventing immune disorders.

research Transcriptional Regulation of the Thymus Master Regulator Foxn1

6 citations, August 2022 in “Science immunology”

Foxn1 gene regulation is crucial for thymus development but not for hair growth.

research DKK1 Mediated Inhibition of Wnt Signaling in Postnatal Mice Leads to Loss of TEC Progenitors and Thymic Degeneration

56 citations, February 2010 in “PLOS ONE”

Blocking Wnt signaling in young mice causes thymus shrinkage and cell loss, but recovery is possible when the block is removed.

research Microenvironmental Reprogramming of Thymic Epithelial Cells to Skin Multipotent Stem Cells

116 citations, August 2010 in “Nature”

Scientists turned rat thymus cells into stem cells that can help repair skin and hair.

research WNT10B (Wingless-Type MMTV Integration Site Family): Role in Biological Processes and Diseases

November 2018 in “Atlas of genetics and cytogenetics in oncology and haematology”

WNT10B is linked to cancer development and affects survival and disease progression in various cancers.

research Biological Significance of FoxN1 Gain-of-Function Mutations During T and B Lymphopoiesis in Juvenile Mice

16 citations, October 2014 in “Cell death and disease”

FoxN1 overexpression in young mice harms immune cell and skin development.

research Development of Woolly Hair and Hairlessness in a CRISPR-Engineered Mutant Mouse Model with KRT71 Mutations

July 2023 in “Cells”

Researchers made a mouse model with curly hair and hair loss by editing a gene.

research The Developing Immune Network in Human Prenatal Skin

11 citations, March 2020 in “Immunology”

Human prenatal skin develops an immune network early on that helps with skin formation and healing without scarring.

research FOXN1 Deficient Nude Severe Combined Immunodeficiency

32 citations, January 2017 in “Orphanet journal of rare diseases”

FOXN1 gene mutations cause a rare, severe immune disease treatable with cell or tissue transplants.

research Comparison of Alopecia Areata Induction in C3H/HeH Mice by Injection of Lymphocytes from Mice with Induced vs. Spontaneous Disease

April 2017 in “The journal of investigative dermatology/Journal of investigative dermatology”

Both induced and spontaneous AA lymphocytes can cause alopecia areata in mice.

Post-Transcriptional Regulation of Keratinocyte Progenitor Cell Expansion, Differentiation, and Hair Follicle Regression by miR-22

research Post-Transcriptional Regulation of Keratinocyte Progenitor Cell Expansion, Differentiation, and Hair Follicle Regression by miR-22

52 citations, May 2015 in “PLOS Genetics”

miR-22, a type of microRNA, controls hair growth and its overproduction can cause hair loss, while its absence can speed up hair growth.

research Overexpression of Smad7 Results in Severe Pathological Alterations in Multiple Epithelial Tissues

111 citations, June 2002 in “The EMBO Journal”

Too much Smad7 can cause serious changes in skin tissues, including problems with hair growth, thymus shrinkage, and eye development issues.

research Unraveling the Link Between Ectodermal Disorders and Primary Immunodeficiencies

9 citations, March 2015 in “International reviews of immunology”

Skin abnormalities can indicate immunodeficiency due to shared origins with the immune system.

Ectopic Expression of the Nude Gene Induces Hyperproliferation and Defects in Differentiation: Implications for the Self-Renewal of Cutaneous Epithelia

research Ectopic Expression of the Nude Gene Induces Hyperproliferation and Defects in Differentiation: Implications for the Self-Renewal of Cutaneous Epithelia

69 citations, August 1999 in “Developmental biology”

The nude gene causes skin cell overgrowth and improper development, leading to hair and urinary issues.

Heterozygous FOXN1 Variants Cause Low TRECs and Severe T Cell Lymphopenia, Revealing a Crucial Role of FOXN1 in Supporting Early Thymopoiesis

research Heterozygous FOXN1 Variants Cause Low TRECs and Severe T Cell Lymphopenia, Revealing a Crucial Role of FOXN1 in Supporting Early Thymopoiesis

53 citations, August 2019 in “American journal of human genetics”

FOXN1 gene variants cause low T cells and immune issues from birth.

Morphogenesis and Maintenance of the 3D Thymic Medulla and Prevention of Nude Skin Phenotype Require FoxN1 in Pre- and Post-Natal K14 Epithelium

research Morphogenesis and Maintenance of the 3D Thymic Medulla and Prevention of Nude Skin Phenotype Require FoxN1 in Pre- and Post-Natal K14 Epithelium

21 citations, November 2010 in “Journal of molecular medicine”

FoxN1 gene is essential for proper thymus structure and preventing hair loss.

Fatal Autoimmunity Results from the Conditional Deletion of Snai2 and Snai3

research Deletion of the Developmentally Essential Gene ATR in Adult Mice Leads to Age-Related Phenotypes and Stem Cell Loss

688 citations, June 2007 in “Cell Stem Cell”

Removing the ATR gene in adult mice causes rapid aging and stem cell loss.