Distinct Mechanisms for Sebaceous Gland Self-Renewal and Regeneration Provide Durability in Response to Injury

    Natalia A. Veniaminova, Yunlong Jia, Adrien M Hartigan, Thomas J Huyge, Shih-Ying Tsai, Marina Grachtchouk, Satoko Nakagawa, Andrzej A. Dlugosz, Scott X. Atwood, Sunny Y. Wong
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    TLDR Sebaceous glands can heal and regenerate after injury using their own stem cells and help from hair follicle cells.
    Sebaceous glands (SGs) are maintained by their own stem cell pools under normal conditions, with these cells following both direct and indirect differentiation pathways, including a transitional PPARγ+Krt5+ cell state. However, when skin injury occurs, SG progenitors can leave their usual location to aid in wound healing and are then replenished by stem cells from the hair follicle. Remarkably, even after more than 99% of SGs are genetically removed, they can regenerate within weeks thanks to hair follicle bulge stem cells, a process that relies on FGFR signaling and can be expedited by stimulating hair growth. This study reveals the resilience and regenerative capacity of SGs, highlighting the role of stem cell plasticity in their recovery after injury.
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