295 citations
,
May 2016 in “Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology” This review examines the immunological aspects of alopecia areata, focusing on genetic, neuroimmunological, and immune privilege factors, but does not report new clinical findings.
50 citations
,
July 2015 in “Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology” This study found that 2.5 mg/mL triamcinolone acetonide injections were as effective as higher doses for treating limited, patchy alopecia areata, while minimizing side effects like skin atrophy.
55 citations
,
April 2015 in “BMC medicine” This study found that the Stem Cell Educator therapy improved hair regrowth and quality of life in patients with severe alopecia areata by restoring immune balance and protecting hair follicles from autoimmune damage.
62 citations
,
January 2015 in “Journal of Dermatological Science” This review summarizes the current genetic research on alopecia areata, including potential new therapeutic strategies, but reports no new clinical findings.
45 citations
,
December 2014 in “Journal of the European Academy of Dermatology and Venereology” This study found that plasmacytoid dendritic cells are central to the pathogenesis of alopecia areata, suggesting they may help differentiate it from trichotillomania and androgenetic alopecia.
120 citations
,
November 2014 in “Biological Reviews” This article explores the dynamic and energy-efficient nature of telogen hair follicles, challenging the notion of dormancy, and highlights their potential in advancing treatments for hair growth disorders.
52 citations
,
September 2014 in “Nature medicine” JAK inhibitors might help treat alopecia areata.
701 citations
,
August 2014 in “Nature medicine” This study found that JAK inhibitors promote hair regrowth in both mice and human alopecia areata cases by blocking key immune pathways involved in disease development.
105 citations
,
March 2014 in “British journal of dermatology/British journal of dermatology, Supplement” In this study, patients with alopecia areata were found to have significantly lower serum vitamin D levels compared to those with vitiligo and healthy individuals, with lower levels correlating with increased disease severity.
79 citations
,
December 2013 in “Journal of Investigative Dermatology Symposium Proceedings” This article proposes that alopecia areata may be caused by immune attacks on hair follicles after an immune privilege collapse, suggesting new therapeutic approaches targeting this immune response pattern.
53 citations
,
September 2013 in “Journal of Investigative Dermatology” This study suggests that cultured hair follicle dermal sheath cup cells exhibit immune privilege properties, partly through the expression of PD-L1, which impacts co-cultured immune cells' behavior.
26 citations
,
September 2013 in “Journal of Dermatological Science” In this study, researchers found that serum granulysin levels might serve as a novel marker for disease activity in acute alopecia areata, being significantly associated with broader bald skin areas, poorer prognosis, and co-existing allergic disorders.
18 citations
,
July 2013 in “Journal of Leukocyte Biology” The study suggests that vaccination with soluble keratin peptides K71 and K31 significantly delayed the onset and progression of autoimmune alopecia areata in mice by inducing T cell anergy.
22 citations
,
June 2013 in “Australasian Journal of Dermatology” Early stage bald spots are linked to skin inflammation and damage to the upper part of the hair follicle.
27 citations
,
January 2013 in “The journal of investigative dermatology/Journal of investigative dermatology” This study identified somatostatin as a potential secretory factor contributing to the immune privilege of human hair follicles.
106 citations
,
January 2013 in “Clinical and Developmental Immunology” This review discusses the pathogenesis of alopecia areata, highlighting the role of immune privilege collapse in hair follicles but reports no clinical results.
29 citations
,
September 2012 in “Dermatologic Clinics” This article reviews the causal mechanisms of hair follicle disorders, focusing on inflammation, genetics, environment, and hormones, but it reports no new clinical results.
20 citations
,
January 2012 in “International journal of trichology” In this study, among various treatments for localized alopecia areata, intralesional and topical steroids were found to be the most effective with no significant side effects.
51 citations
,
January 2012 in “Annals of dermatology/Annals of Dermatology” This case report describes a 7-year-old boy with alopecia areata and reduced vitamin D receptor expression whose condition improved after using calcipotriol, a strong vitamin D analog.
13 citations
,
July 2011 in “Journal of Dermatological Treatment” This study found that topical pimecrolimus is as effective as clobetasol propionate for treating alopecia areata, with better tolerability in terms of side effects.
35 citations
,
June 2011 in “British Journal of Dermatology” This study found that in an Italian population, the HLA-DQB1*03 allele was associated with increased susceptibility to alopecia areata, particularly in cases with more than 50% hair loss.
53 citations
,
May 2011 in “Dermatologic therapy” This article discusses the pathogenesis and possible biological mechanisms of alopecia areata but reports no new clinical results.
61 citations
,
September 2010 in “Genomics” This study found distinct gene expression profiles in alopecia areata-affected skin, suggesting T-cell mediated immune responses and unique gene profiles between different stages of the disease.
66 citations
,
July 2010 in “Journal of Proteome Research” This study suggests that an immune response to trichohyalin and keratin 16 may contribute to the pathogenesis of alopecia areata.
717 citations
,
June 2010 in “Nature” This study identified key genetic regions associated with alopecia areata, highlighting both acquired and innate immune involvement, with a novel link to the upregulation of ULBP ligands in autoimmune disease.
244 citations
,
January 2010 in “Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology” This review discusses treatment options for alopecia areata and suggests tailored treatment plans, noting the challenges posed by spontaneous remission and limited high-quality clinical trials.
391 citations
,
January 2010 in “Journal of The American Academy of Dermatology” This article reviews the clinical presentation and histopathologic features of alopecia areata and proposes a hypothesis for its development, but it reports no new clinical results.
38 citations
,
July 2009 in “Current opinion in pediatrics, with evaluated MEDLINE/Current opinion in pediatrics” This article reviews recent findings on alopecia areata, highlighting genetic and immune factors in its pathogenesis but reporting no new clinical results; the authors emphasize the need for quality evidence on treatment efficacy.
59 citations
,
September 2008 in “Experimental dermatology” This study reports that C3H/HeJ mice and DEBR rats serve as effective models for screening potential treatments for human alopecia areata, despite certain challenges in predictability and cost.
253 citations
,
December 2007 in “Journal of Investigative Dermatology” This study suggests that human hair follicles may actively suppress natural killer cells, which contrasts with the observed defects in NK cell regulation in alopecia areata.
84 citations
,
October 2007 in “The Journal of Immunology” This study found that chronic eczema supports the expansion of myeloid suppressor cells, which contribute to silencing autoreactive T cells and partially promote hair regrowth in alopecia areata.
46 citations
,
July 2007 in “Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology” This letter discusses the psychological impact of alopecia areata, highlighting its association with increased depression and anxiety, but reports no new clinical findings.
13 citations
,
December 2006 in “Journal of experimental animal science” This study found that injecting interferon gamma into C3H/HeJ mice did not alter the frequency or onset of alopecia areata, suggesting the protein alone does not trigger the disease.
24 citations
,
May 2006 in “Journal of Investigative Dermatology” This study found that allergen treatment in alopecia areata mice appeared to alter leukocyte subset distribution and impaired dendritic cell migration, which may affect T-cell activation and hair follicle recovery.
16 citations
,
November 2005 in “Journal of Investigative Dermatology Symposium Proceedings” This study found that intramuscular anti-IFN-γ significantly stabilized and promoted hair regrowth in alopecia areata patients with patchy, progressive hair loss, whereas those with total baldness showed more limited improvement.
185 citations
,
August 2005 in “Autoimmunity Reviews” This review discusses alopecia areata as a model for studying tissue-directed autoimmune diseases and reports no new clinical findings.
54 citations
,
December 2004 in “PubMed” This study suggests that topical Cyclosporin A formulations, with or without a penetration enhancer, effectively stimulated hair regrowth in a rat model of alopecia areata.
38 citations
,
September 2004 in “Journal of Autoimmunity” Alopecia areata patients have more activated T cells in their blood, which may help in developing treatments.
20 citations
,
February 2004 in “Clinical & Experimental Immunology” This study suggests that long-term treatment with the contact sensitizer SADBE in mice may reduce leucocyte traffic in alopecia areata through impaired leucocyte extravasation.
37 citations
,
November 2003 in “Veterinary pathology” This study showed that in C3H/HeJ mice, focal follicular inflammation starts before overt hair loss, with inflammation severity possibly reaching a threshold causing hair follicle dystrophy prior to visible hair loss.
48 citations
,
June 2003 in “Journal of Investigative Dermatology Symposium Proceedings” This review assesses the effectiveness of various alopecia areata treatments and concludes that only contact sensitizers like diphenylcyclopropenone and squaric acid dibutylester have shown efficacy in evidence-based studies, but it reports no new clinical results.
23 citations
,
June 2003 in “Journal of Investigative Dermatology Symposium Proceedings” This review discusses rodent models of alopecia areata and suggests they are crucial for understanding the autoimmune mechanisms and potential treatments but reports no new clinical results.
86 citations
,
December 2002 in “Tissue Antigens” In this study, researchers found that the AIRE G961C variant is a significant risk factor for severe alopecia areata and early-onset cases, particularly in patients with alopecia universalis.
114 citations
,
August 2002 in “Journal of Investigative Dermatology” Alopecia areata is caused by an immune response, and targeting immune cells might help treat it.
69 citations
,
July 2002 in “Clinical and Experimental Dermatology” This review discusses rodent models of alopecia areata and highlights genetic and epigenetic factors influencing its development, but reports no new experimental results.
77 citations
,
June 2002 in “Journal of Investigative Dermatology” CD44 variant changes start alopecia areata, but don't maintain it.
41 citations
,
February 2001 in “Current pharmaceutical design” This review discusses current and potential treatments for alopecia areata, focusing on immunosuppressive and immunomodulatory approaches, but provides no new clinical results.
127 citations
,
January 2000 in “Journal of Investigative Dermatology” This study found that pro-inflammatory cytokines and apoptotic mechanisms, specifically involving granzyme B and Fas pathways, are associated with chronic alopecia areata, indicating their potential role in the disease's persistence.
71 citations
,
January 1998 in “Pathobiology” This review discusses the use of animal models to study alopecia areata and reports no new experimental results, emphasizing the potential for these models to explore the disease's genetics and treatment.
91 citations
,
March 1996 in “Archives of Dermatological Research” This study concluded that cytokines and growth factors significantly regulate hair growth in vitro, with some completely inhibiting growth, such as EGF and TNFα.
78 citations
,
July 1984 in “Journal of Investigative Dermatology”
