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This case series observed that ovarian hyperthecosis can manifest with hyperandrogenism and insulin resistance in postmenopausal women, even when serum testosterone levels are below diagnostic thresholds, suggesting potential gaps in current diagnostic criteria.

This review discusses phenotypic differences in testosterone production between mice and humans with HSD17B3 deficiency and reports no new findings; the authors highlight potential pathways and enzymes involved in testosterone synthesis.

This study found that adults with sickle cell anemia exhibited androgen deficiency due to primary testicular failure, and there was a significant correlation between erythrocyte zinc levels and serum testosterone.

This review examines the negative effects of anabolic-androgenic steroid use on the male reproductive system, including impaired testosterone production, sperm production issues, and adverse metabolic consequences without reporting new clinical results.

This study suggests that androstendione and DHEA are useful indicators for diagnosing hyperandrogenemia in hirsute women, while DHEAS was not found to be helpful.

This systematic review reported positive outcomes with gender-affirming hormone therapy in Canada and emphasized the urgent need for standardized outcome measurement tools to enhance evidence-based practices.

This literature review highlights varying recommendations for testosterone use in peri- and postmenopausal women, noting its accepted role in treating hypoactive sexual desire disorder but stressing controversy and lack of FDA-approved options for broader use.

A postmenopausal woman's masculine symptoms improved after surgery for a hormone-producing ovarian tumor.

In this case report, a 71-year-old woman with severe hyperandrogenism and virilization revealed a bilateral ovarian steroid cell tumor, confirmed after adnexectomy, resulting in normalized testosterone levels and improved hirsutism post-surgery.

In this case report, a 62-year-old woman with hyperandrogenism and polycythemia was diagnosed with a rare ovarian steroid cell tumor, highlighting the importance of considering such tumors in similar presentations; surgical removal led to symptom and lab normalization.

This study in the Arab population of Gaza described pseudohermaphroditism due to 17β-HSD deficiency, where individuals showed marked masculinization after puberty despite inadequate androgen proportions.

This case report describes the first instance of facial and oral mucosal hyperpigmentation and acanthosis nigricans linked to testosterone therapy in a patient with idiopathic hypogonadotropic hypogonadism.

In this case report, a 55-year-old postmenopausal woman was diagnosed with ovarian hyperthecosis as the cause of her hyperandrogenism after detailed hormonal and imaging investigations, which was successfully treated with bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy, leading to symptom improvement and normalized testosterone levels.

This case report highlights the need for early diagnosis and treatment of ovarian hyperthecosis to enhance the quality of life and health outcomes for affected patients.

This study using Mendelian randomization in UK Biobank data suggests that lifelong increased free testosterone may have mixed effects, including increased bone density and prostate cancer risk, warranting well-powered trials to address uncertainties.

This case report describes a testosterone- and cortisol-secreting adrenocortical oncocytoma causing hirsutism in a 23-year-old woman, highlighting adrenal oncocytomas as an important consideration for differential diagnosis.

This study found that systemic testosterone exposure in transgender individuals with XX genotype alters skin biology, increasing androgen and estrogen receptor-positive cells, collagen density, and fibronectin expression while reducing immune cells, which could affect surgical outcomes by promoting a male skin phenotype.

This case report describes a postmenopausal woman with androgenic alopecia and progressive hirsutism who, despite normal imaging, had significantly elevated testosterone due to a Leydig cell tumor, revealed after surgical exploration; the condition improved post-surgery, underscoring the importance of considering such tumors in similar presentations.

In this case series, the authors reported that postmenopausal hyperandrogenism should be carefully evaluated to diagnose potential androgen-secreting tumors, with Sertoli-Leydig cell tumors identified as a common cause.

This review discusses the role of androgens in menopausal women's health, highlighting symptoms of both hyperandrogenemia and androgen deficiency, but reports no clinical results.

This case report highlights the complexity of diagnosing and treating late-onset hypogonadism in a patient with major depressive disorder, suggesting parallel evaluation of symptoms, medication effects, and shared diagnostic planning.

This study found that men with androgenic alopecia had significantly higher levels of certain urinary steroid metabolites, suggesting increased 5 alpha-reductase activity and possible mild hyperadrenal activity.

This case report presents a rare instance of an ovarian steroid cell tumor in a 68-year-old female with virilism, which normalized androgen levels following surgical removal.

This review discusses the antimicrobial and protective effects of hesperidin and hesperetin against various toxicities, with potential mechanisms explored, but it reports no new research findings.

This case report highlights the importance of considering an ovarian steroid cell tumor diagnosis in young women with increased testosterone after ruling out polycystic ovarian syndrome.

This study found that in PCOS patients, a lower TT/DHT ratio is associated with regular menstruation, while higher ratios are linked to insulin resistance, suggesting its potential as a biomarker for metabolic severity in these patients.

This case study reported that sudden hyperandrogenism in postmenopausal women may indicate hormonally active ovarian tumors such as Leydig cell tumors, which can be effectively treated with surgery.

This study determined that a total testosterone concentration of ≥5.1 nmol/L identified androgen-producing tumors in women with severe hyperandrogenemia, while a lower threshold of ≥2.2 nmol/L was found for diagnosing pathologic hyperandrogenism in postmenopausal women.

This study suggests that patients with STSD show a different pattern in androgen activation compared to healthy controls, potentially due to increased 5α-reductase activity and absent prepubertal serum DHEA surge.

This case study describes a 15-year-old girl with a Sertoli–Leydig cell tumor who showed high androgen levels and steroidogenic responses similar to patients with polycystic ovary syndrome before surgery.