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Glossary Skin Structure

complex organization of skin's layers and components

Skin structure, also known as skin anatomy or dermal structure, refers to the complex organization of the skin, which is the body's largest organ. It consists of three primary layers: the epidermis (the outermost layer providing a barrier and creating skin tone), the dermis (beneath the epidermis, containing tough connective tissue, hair follicles, and sweat glands), and the hypodermis (deeper subcutaneous tissue made of fat and connective tissue). These layers work together to protect the body, regulate temperature, and provide sensory information.

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research Skin Structure, Physiology, and Pathology in Topical and Transdermal Drug Delivery

51 citations , October 2024 in “Pharmaceutics”

This review highlights the potential of permeation enhancers to improve the delivery of active ingredients across the skin, optimizing therapeutic outcomes despite challenges posed by individual variability and environmental factors, according to the authors' analysis of current understanding and applications in skincare and transdermal therapies.

research The Morphological Basis of vicuña wool: Skin and gland structure in Vicugna vicugna (Molina 1782)

4 citations , March 2016 in “Small ruminant research”

This study examined vicuña skin and hair follicle structures, finding a high density of secondary hairs in fleece areas compared to belly and legs, and identified various types of cutaneous glands potentially important for chemical communication.

research Study on the skin structure, hair follicle cycle, and GSDMA protein expression in Ganxi goats

1 citations , September 2025 in “Frontiers in Veterinary Science”

This study observed structural and molecular changes in Ganxi goat skin that adapt to hot and humid climates and suggested that GSDMA might play a role in hair follicle regulation and skin homeostasis, though further research is needed to confirm its function in environmental adaptation.

research Engineering Spatially Organized Hair Peg-like Structures in Human Skin Constructs Using Keratinocyte–Dermal Papilla Fibroblast Spheroids and Micropatterned Dermal Scaffolds

July 2026 in “Acta Biomaterialia”

This study introduced a bioengineering platform that creates early-stage hair peg-like structures within tissue-engineered skin substitutes by integrating human keratinocytes and dermal papilla cells with laser-micropatterned collagen scaffolds, providing a foundation for future appendage-inclusive skin regeneration efforts.

research Skin structure

March 2015 in “Plastic and reconstructive surgery”

This chapter reviews the skin's structure and its clinical relevance, highlighting connective tissue diseases and the potential for novel treatments like protein, cell, or stem cell transfer, but reports no new findings.

research [The structure of the skin of the ear in domesticated pigs, with special reference to their use for human dermatological research. 2. Specific histology of the integument].

7 citations , June 2001 in “PubMed”

This study details the histological structure of the white domesticated pig's ear skin and discusses its relevance as a model for human dermatological research.

research Skin Structure and Function, Wound Healing and Scarring

3 citations , April 2021 in “Elsevier eBooks”

This article discusses the structure and functions of the integumentary system and wound healing processes, but it reports no new clinical findings.

Interrelationships Between Skin Structure, Function, and Microbiome of Pregnant Females and Their Newborns: Study Protocol for a Prospective Cohort Study

research Interrelationships between Skin Structure, Function, and Microbiome of Pregnant Females and Their Newborns: Study Protocol for a Prospective Cohort Study

January 2021 in “Dermatology Research and Practice”

This study will explore skin and hair characteristics of pregnant women and their newborns, examining the relationships between these factors and the newborns' skin maturation over time.

research Epidermal structure created by canine hair follicle keratinocytes enriched with bulge cells in a three‐dimensional skin equivalent model in vitro: implications for regenerative therapy of canine epidermis

11 citations , January 2013 in “Veterinary dermatology”

This study found that a bulge stem cell-enriched population from canine hair follicles successfully formed interfollicular epidermis in vitro within two weeks, suggesting potential for regenerative canine skin therapies.

Skin Regeneration with Conical and Hair Follicle Structure of Deep Second-Degree Scalding Injuries via Combined Expression of the EPO Receptor and Beta Common Receptor by Local Subcutaneous Injection of Nanosized rhEPO

research Skin regeneration with conical and hair follicle structure of deep second-degree scalding injuries via combined expression of the EPO receptor and beta common receptor by local subcutaneous injection of nanosized rhEPO

15 citations , March 2012 in “International journal of nanomedicine”

In this study, local injection of nanosized recombinant human erythropoietin at the injury site improved skin regeneration and re-epithelialization in a mouse model of deep second-degree burns through coexpression of specific receptors.

research Structure and Function of the Skin

1 citations , January 2012 in “Elsevier eBooks”

The document concludes that the skin is a complex organ providing protection, sensation, and healing, with challenges in treating conditions like itchiness.

research Structure and function of the skin

August 2021 in “Oxford University Press eBooks”

This chapter discusses various skin functions and structures involved in protection, immune response, and homeostasis, but it reports no new research findings.

research Structure and function of skin, hair and nails

169 citations , June 2013 in “Medicine”

This article reviews the structure and function of the skin and its importance for understanding skin diseases, without providing new clinical results.

research Structure and function of skin, hair and nails

49 citations , May 2021 in “Medicine”

Understanding skin, hair, and nails is crucial due to their complexity and impact on health.

research Endogenous human skin equivalent promotes in vitro morphogenesis of follicle-like structures

36 citations , May 2016 in “Biomaterials”

This study demonstrated that an engineered human skin equivalent can generate follicle-like structures resembling fetal skin, highlighting the role of the dermal compartment in directing epithelial cell fate in vitro.

research Skin: Basic Structure and Function

36 citations , January 2014 in “Elsevier eBooks”

This narrative review discusses the structure and functions of the skin, focusing on its barrier role, self-repair, thermoregulation, and immune functions, and reports no new experimental results.

3D Printing of Skin Equivalents with Hair Follicle Structures and Epidermal-Papillary-Dermal Layers Using Gelatin/Hyaluronic Acid Hydrogels

research 3D Printing of Skin Equivalents with Hair Follicle Structures and Epidermal‐Papillary‐Dermal Layers Using Gelatin/Hyaluronic Acid Hydrogels

18 citations , July 2022 in “Chemistry - an Asian journal”

This study found that GelMA/HAMA bioink shows promise for 3D printing skin equivalents, as it effectively mimics the native skin's properties and supports hair follicle structure development.

research Structure and Function of the Skin

6 citations , January 2009 in “Elsevier eBooks”

This chapter discusses the structure and function of the skin, detailing its protective roles and the layers that comprise it, but reports no new research findings.

research Structure and function of skin, hair and nails

2 citations , May 2025 in “Medicine”

This source underscores the importance of understanding skin structure and function to comprehend both healthy skin biology and skin disease pathophysiology, highlighting skin's extensive involvement in healthcare due to infections, drug reactions, and diseases like psoriasis.

research Structure and Development of the Skin and Cutaneous Appendages

1 citations , July 2016 in “Elsevier eBooks”

Understanding skin structure and development helps diagnose and treat skin disorders.

research Structure and function of the skin, hair and nails

27 citations , August 2016

This article discusses the importance of understanding the skin's structure and function for comprehending both healthy skin biology and skin disease pathophysiology, but reports no new findings.

research [Skin-like structure generated from implantation of hair follicle bulb cells into collagen/chitosan porous scaffolds in vitro].

July 2004 in “PubMed”

This study found that a skin-like structure can be generated in vitro by implanting early passage hair follicle bulb cells into collagen/chitosan porous scaffolds.

research STRUCTURAL-FUNCTIONAL REORGANIZATION OF SKIN AND ITS DERIVATIVES UNDER EXPERIMENTAL SUBACUTE OF INTOXICATION BY HEAVY METALS

1 citations , March 2019 in “Hygiene and Sanitation”

This study observed that exposure to heavy metal salts affected skin and hair morphology in mice, with lead acetate decreasing keratinocyte proliferation and zinc sulfate and sodium dichromate increasing it.

research Structure and function of skin, hair and nails

77 citations , May 2017 in “Medicine”

This article reviews over 1000 skin diseases affecting patients' quality of life and highlights the importance of understanding skin biology and pathology, but provides no new results.

research Structure and function of skin, hair and nails

68 citations , May 2009 in “Medicine”

This article discusses the structure and function of the skin and its role in skin disease pathophysiology and reports no new research findings.

Self-Organizing Hair Peg-Like Structures From Dissociated Skin Progenitor Cells: New Insights for Human Hair Follicle Organoid Engineering and Turing Patterning in an Asymmetric Morphogenetic Field

research Self‐organizing hair peg‐like structures from dissociated skin progenitor cells: New insights for human hair follicle organoid engineering and Turing patterning in an asymmetric morphogenetic field

26 citations , January 2019 in “Experimental Dermatology”

This study developed an in vitro system to analyze human skin progenitor cells' ability to form hair peg-like structures, providing insights for engineering hair follicle organoids.

research The Function and Structure of the Skin

4 citations , November 2014

The skin protects the body, regulates temperature, senses touch, and makes vitamin D.

research TYPICAL MORPHOLOGICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF THE SKIN STRUCTURE OF THE HAIR PART OF THE NORMAL HUMAN HEAD AND WITH HAIR LOSS

January 2023 in “Vìsnik problem bìologìï ì medicini”

Androgenic alopecia causes hair follicle degradation and skin restructuring, but some hair elements remain.

The Abnormal Skin Structure of Newborn Wistar Rats Maternally Treated with Aspartame: Histological and Immunohistochemical Study

research The abnormal skin structure of newly born Wistar rat maternally-treated with aspartame: histological and immunohistochemical study

May 2016 in “Research opinions in animal & veterinary sciences”

In this study, aspartame consumption during gestation in rats was associated with significant histological changes and increased apoptosis in the skin of their neonatal pups.

research Androgen Receptor Actions Modify Skin Structure and Chemical Carcinogen-induced Skin Cancer Susceptibility in Mice

14 citations , January 2015 in “Hormones and Cancer”

This study found that androgen receptor inactivation in male and female mice reduced susceptibility to DMBA-induced skin cancer, but the effect varied by the carcinogenesis model.