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This study suggests that trichohyalin is modified by peptidyl-arginine deiminase before being cross-linked by TGase 3, allowing the formation of rigid structures in hair follicle cells.

This study found that human peptidylarginine deiminase type III is the predominant isoform in hair follicles and may modulate structural proteins during hair and hair follicle formation.

This study reports the discovery of mutations in the PADI3, TGM3, and TCHH genes as molecular genetic causes of uncombable hair syndrome in children, indicating an autosomal-recessive inheritance pattern.

This article discusses the potential genetic basis of central centrifugal cicatricial alopecia in women of African ancestry but does not provide new research results.

This study demonstrates that PAD1 and PAD3 are involved in hair follicle differentiation, while PAD1 and PAD2 may play a role in the physiology of sweat glands and arrector pili muscles.

This study found that enzymatic conversion of Arg-51 in S100A3 protein to citrulline promotes homotetramer assembly, potentially increasing Ca²⁺ binding required for hair cuticular barrier formation.

This review discusses the role of peptidylarginine deiminases in skin homeostasis and diseases, particularly in keratinocyte differentiation and hair disorders, but presents no new experimental findings.

This study found that 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3/VDR inhibits β-catenin's role in keratinocyte proliferation but enhances its role in hair follicle differentiation.

In this study, researchers purified and cloned rat peptidylarginine deiminase type III, demonstrating its activity and specific expression in the epidermis and hair follicles.

In this study, researchers identified two novel peptidylarginine deiminases from treated rat keratinocytes, both showing enzyme activity with PAD‐R11 reflecting a characteristic of epidermal enzymes.

This article reviews the effect of aging on male hormone levels and fertility, highlighting the need for more research on the benefits and risks of androgen supplementation in older men.

This study explored gene expression in Changthangi goats and found that higher expression of keratin-related genes and specific signaling pathways may play a role in the development of Pashmina fiber.

This article discusses the composition and function of the dermal papilla in hair follicles, focusing on its role in hair shaft generation and suggesting that cell loss in this area may contribute to hair loss.

This study found that inhibiting arachidonate 12-lipoxygenase (ALOX12) may enhance hair cuticle maturation by increasing S100A3 protein citrullination and promoting cuticular differentiation in isolated human hair follicles.

This study identified 374 eQTLs in scalp hair follicles associated with genes involved in metabolic, mitotic, immune processes, and responses to steroid hormones, contributing insights into genetic variation and hair traits.

This article reports that mutations in the PADI3 gene, affecting its activity or localization, cause uncombable hair syndrome and are linked to central centrifugal cicatricial alopecia, particularly among women of African ancestry.

This case report described two siblings with uncombable hair syndrome characterized by unique hair features, and identified a new pathogenic variant in the PADI3 gene (c.1374dup; p. Val459ArgfsTer15) not previously documented.

In this study, a newly engineered scaffold, PADM-MX-Ag-Si@Dox, demonstrated potential as a multifunctional biomaterial for postoperative melanoma treatment by controlling drug release, enhancing wound healing, and enabling real-time tumor surveillance through temperature, pH, and electrical stimuli.

Hair shaft changes may be linked to CCCA, but their role is unclear.

A young boy's uncombable hair is due to a rare genetic condition that usually improves over time.

This study found that Ca²⁺ signaling and peptidylarginine deiminase enzymes play a crucial role in activating neural stem cells in response to injury in zebrafish, suggesting potential therapeutic targets for CNS injuries and cancer.

This study identified nine pathogenic variants in the PADI3 gene and variants in the S100A3 and TCHH genes in patients with central centrifugal cicatricial alopecia, suggesting a broader genetic basis for the disease and potential targets for genetic testing and therapies.

This study found that mutations in the PADI3 gene, which is important for hair shaft formation, may contribute to central centrifugal cicatricial alopecia among patients.

CCCA in women of African ancestry may be caused by PADI3 gene mutations and intense hair grooming.

Genetic factors, especially PADI3 gene variants, contribute to CCCA in women of African descent.

This study identified nine pathogenic variants in the PADI3 gene, and variants in the S100A3 and TCHH genes, which may disrupt protein function and contribute to central centrifugal cicatricial alopecia.

Reducing neutrophils or inhibiting NETs improves wound healing in sickle cell disease.

Genetic changes in specific proteins contribute to hair loss in some women of African descent.

This review discusses central centrifugal cicatricial alopecia, its similarities to lichen planopilaris, and emphasizes the need for further research due to its underdiagnosis and impact on African-descended women.

This report highlights that scientific collaborations have led to a rise in publications focused on African skin and hair, which could inform the development of locally tailored products and awareness campaigns.