Deimination In Epidermal Barrier And Hair Formation
October 2023
in “
Philosophical transactions - Royal Society. Biological sciences
”
peptidylarginine deiminases PAD1 PAD3 citrullination deimination keratinocyte differentiation epidermal barrier psoriasis atopic dermatitis trichohyalin transglutaminase hair shaft formation PADI3 gene uncombable hair syndrome central centrifugal cicatricial alopecia PADs skin barrier hair formation hair loss hair diseases
TLDR Enzymes that change arginine to citrulline are important for skin barrier and hair formation, and their malfunction can lead to skin conditions and hair disorders.
Peptidylarginine deiminases (PADs) are enzymes that convert protein arginine residues into citrulline, a process known as citrullination or deimination. In the epidermis, PAD1 and PAD3 are crucial for keratinocyte differentiation and the formation of the epidermal barrier, with their deregulation linked to skin diseases like psoriasis and atopic dermatitis. Additionally, the trichohyalin/PAD3/transglutaminase pathway is essential for hair shaft formation. Mutations in the PADI3 gene can lead to uncombable hair syndrome and are associated with central centrifugal cicatricial alopecia, a common form of hair loss in women of African ancestry.
