6 citations,
April 2019 in “Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinics of North America” Testosterone therapy for transmasculine individuals is generally safe with medical supervision, improves mental health, and has mixed effects on physical health.
4 citations,
March 2017 in “Development” Estrogen is important for keeping adult mouse nipple skin healthy by controlling certain cell signals.
5 citations,
October 2013 in “Endocrine” Blood tests can detect ovarian Leydig cell tumors when scans don't, and surgery can confirm and treat these tumors.
51 citations,
August 2012 in “Differentiation” Mouse genital development depends on male or female hormones for specific features.
April 2022 in “Medical Molecular Morphology” 
7 citations,
April 2014 in “Cell biology international” Melatonin treatment helps improve skin health in postmenopausal rats.
6 citations,
April 2017 in “Journal of Dermatological Science” Ovariectomized mice mimic postmenopausal hair loss, and estradiol helps maintain hair density.
September 2024 in “Frontiers in Neuroendocrinology” 5-alpha reductase inhibitors may help protect the brain and gut in Parkinson's disease.
January 2017 in “Springer eBooks” Eating a balanced diet with specific nutrients can help manage menopause symptoms and prevent related health issues.
September 2023 in “Physiology and Pharmacology” Glucocorticoids can cause various health issues, but some treatments may help reduce these effects.
19 citations,
February 2012 in “International Journal of Urology” In Japan, sex reassignment surgery for gender identity disorder faces challenges and needs better medical support and education.
16 citations,
December 2021 in “Frontiers in Endocrinology” Sex hormones may affect COVID-19 severity, with estrogen possibly reducing risk and testosterone potentially increasing it.
A mix of Polygonatum sibiricum and Nelumbinis semen may ease menopause symptoms with fewer side effects.
88 citations,
September 2003 in “Clinical endocrinology” Hormone treatment for transsexual individuals is effective but carries risks like thromboembolic events and mood changes, with most side effects being minor and reversible.
22 citations,
July 2020 in “iScience” Sox21 is crucial for tooth development and enamel formation by preventing cells from changing into a different type.
19 citations,
July 2006 in “Physiology & Behavior” Finasteride slows down motherly behavior in first-time pregnant rats.
276 citations,
April 2003 in “Molecular endocrinology” Vitamin D is important for bones, hair, blood pressure, and breast development.
2 citations,
September 2002 in “Journal of Endocrinological Investigation” The GH-IGF-I axis is likely involved in the hormonal imbalances seen in non-obese women with functional hyperandrogenism.
130 citations,
September 1990 in “Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology” Flutamide effectively reduced excessive hair growth and improved related symptoms in hirsutism patients without significant side effects.
December 2024 in “International Journal of Molecular Sciences” Human umbilical cord stem cell vesicles may help treat aging and related diseases.
15 citations,
December 2020 in “Pharmacology Research & Perspectives” Blocking enzymes that help the virus enter cells could be a promising way to treat COVID-19.
10 citations,
December 2017 in “Chemosphere” Bisphenol-A (BPA) increases connections between brain cells and boosts their activity, but it blocks the effects of a male hormone on brain cell plasticity.
27 citations,
December 2013 in “Endocrinology” Researchers created a mouse model for Cushing's syndrome to study glucocorticoid excess and potential treatments.
23 citations,
November 1986 in “Pediatrics” Minoxidil, when used with a diuretic and β-blocking agent, can safely lower blood pressure in most children with severe hypertension due to kidney disease, with minimal side effects.
166 citations,
October 2018 in “Endocrine Reviews” Hormone treatments for transgender individuals generally improve mental health and physical transition, with some health risks that require medical supervision.
4 citations,
November 2022 in “Frontiers in endocrinology” The enzyme 5α-reductase type 1 is important for blood vessel development and fertility in the uterus.
12 citations,
February 2017 in “Journal of neuroscience research” Removing certain brain receptors in mice worsens seizure severity and response to treatment during hormone withdrawal.
61 citations,
January 2017 in “Human Reproduction Open” The review recommends hormone replacement therapy for women with premature ovarian insufficiency to manage symptoms and protect health, with specific approaches for different groups.
22 citations,
October 2019 in “Cerebral cortex” Sex neurosteroids cause different effects on hippocampal synaptic plasticity in males and females.
7 citations,
July 1999 in “In Practice” The conclusion is that a systematic approach is key for treating symmetrical alopecia in dogs, but treatment may not always be necessary.