Transmasculine Hormone Therapy: Dermatologic, Genital, Sexual, and Cardiovascular Effects and Safety Concerns

The document from 2019 examines testosterone therapy in transmasculine individuals, detailing its dermatologic, genital, sexual, and cardiovascular effects, as well as safety concerns. Testosterone therapy is associated with increased facial and body hair growth, clitoral enlargement, heightened sexual desire, and potential acne and male pattern baldness. Cardiovascular safety is a concern, with mixed effects on blood pressure and lipid profiles, but no significant evidence of adverse outcomes. Testosterone therapy does not typically increase liver enzymes with current formulations and may maintain or increase bone mineral density, especially after ovariectomy. Cancer risks are not well-defined due to the lack of long-term studies, but the incidence of breast cancer in transmasculine individuals is lower than in cisgender women, and no causal relationship with testosterone therapy has been established. The document also notes that testosterone therapy can lead to improved mental health outcomes in transmasculine individuals. Regular medical monitoring is recommended by the Endocrine Society to manage potential side effects and health risks. Overall, testosterone therapy is considered safe in the short to medium term with proper medical supervision, but more research is needed to assess long-term oncological risks.