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In this study, particles similar in size to keratin cells were surprisingly found to penetrate more efficiently into hair follicles due to a possible pumping effect from moving hairs.

Confocal Laser Scanning Microscopy (CLSM) is a useful tool for studying how drugs interact with skin and diagnosing skin disorders, despite some limitations.

This study used advanced optical imaging techniques to investigate nanoparticle and dye penetration in human skin, finding that nanoparticles mainly resided in the stratum corneum and accumulated in skin folds and hair follicles, while highlighting that sunscreen-based nanoparticles appear unlikely to pose safety concerns.

This study demonstrates the use of microscopy-guided laser ablation to create a highly structured 3D hydrogel-based organotypic skin model with folliculoid structures, potentially useful for studying hair follicle development or bioactive substance screening.

This study observed that the glassy layer of hair follicles in guinea pigs consists of thick collagen-type fibrils organized into two distinct arrays, whereas in young mice, the fibrils are thinner and develop between the outer root sheath and fibroblasts.

This study found that in vivo confocal scanning laser microscopy accurately quantifies neogenic hair follicles in mice, producing results similar to histology while avoiding fixation artifacts.

This study observed that caffeine-containing shampoo can penetrate hair follicles to a depth of approximately 200 μm and remains detectable even after 24 hours, suggesting a potential long-term reservoir effect.

In this study, the researchers developed minoxidil cubosomes using nanotechnology, which improved drug penetration in the skin, showed greater hair growth efficacy, and reduced adverse skin reactions compared to traditional minoxidil solutions.

This study found that a caffeine-containing shampoo penetrated deeply into hair follicles in just two minutes and remained there for up to 48 hours, even after washing.

This study found that nano-sized lipid particles improved the skin accumulation and retention of dexamethasone compared to a base cream, suggesting potential benefits for inflammatory skin disease treatment.

This study describes a new intravital microscopy method for observing intestinal regeneration by tracking crypt dynamics in living mice after laser-induced tissue damage, revealing events like crypt fission, fusion, and disappearance over multiple weeks.

This study compared the microscopic treatment zones created by different fractional lasers and radiofrequency in swine skin, finding distinct patterns and damage levels for each technology.

This review discusses the applications of confocal laser scanning microscopy in visualizing fluorescent compounds within the skin, noting its potential for tracking drug carriers and enhancing penetration studies, but reports no new results.

This study found that a CLSM-based approach could semi-quantitatively assess the transdermal penetration behavior of fluorescent dyes with different lipophilicities, offering a tool for early-stage screening of compound penetration.

This study found that finasteride-loaded microemulsions using poloxamer 124 significantly enhanced skin penetration of the drug compared to a standard solution, primarily through targeting hair follicles via the transfollicular pathway, with intercluster, intercellular, and transcellular pathways contributing less.

This study found that hydrolyzed wheat proteins extensively penetrated both untreated and chemically treated hair, primarily occupying areas like the endocuticle and cortex.

This study introduced a novel microscopy system using an Er3 + −doped femtosecond fiber laser, achieving detailed imaging of biological structures in plant and skin samples with improved spatial resolution for various applications, including in vivo imaging.

In this study, formulations containing 20% zinc oxide nanoparticles demonstrated stability and improved spreadability without penetrating the deepest skin layers, instead accumulating in skin furrows and hair follicles.

The researchers reported that in hairless mice, epidermal cell division orientations and epidermal thickness varied by body site, with dorsal and ear epidermis primarily dividing parallel to the basement membrane, unlike hind paw and tail epidermis.

This narrative review discusses the evolution and diverse medical applications of laser technologies, particularly in dermatology and skin biology, without reporting new research findings.

This study found that combining laser ablation with nanoparticulate drug formulations effectively enhanced the skin and follicular delivery of hydrophilic drugs like minoxidil and minocycline in preclinical models.

This study found that using near-infrared optics, specifically in the second NIR window, allows for effective noninvasive evaluation of intra-hair damage caused by cosmetic treatments, demonstrating distinct damage types and changes in hair condition due to chemical or thermal processes.

This study found that the fungus Microsporum gypseum enzymatically degrades keratin in human hair, with the sequence of degradation reflecting the keratinization and cystine content of individual hair components in vitro.

This study found that mesenchymal cell processes from the dermal papilla contact epithelial hair matrix cells through gaps in the basal lamina during hair matrix cell differentiation in mouse vibrissa follicles.

This literature review suggests that fractional laser therapies may positively impact hair regrowth in androgenic alopecia, though current evidence is mostly limited to small studies and case reports, highlighting a need for more comprehensive randomized controlled trials to confirm their efficacy and safety.

In this study, reflectance confocal microscopy was used to diagnose periorificial dermatitis, revealing specific skin changes such as hair follicle dilatation, increased vascular density, and inflammation, which help distinguish it from similar conditions.

This study developed a double-wavelength laser scanning microphotometer to measure hair shaft and follicle absorbance, improving spatial resolution and reducing light scattering effects in vitro.

This report describes common skin CT features of rosacea identified using a reflective confocal microscope, facilitating more objective diagnosis but highlights the need for further clinical exploration.

This review discusses the application of confocal laser scanning microscopy for studying nanoparticle interactions with skin and highlights its potential for broad applications, but reports no new experimental findings.

In this study, the researchers found that the picosecond pulsed alexandrite laser (PSAL) may be as effective and safe as the Q-switched alexandrite laser (QSAL) for treating freckles in Chinese patients.