51 citations,
September 2012 in “Biomacromolecules” Disulfide bonds make keratin in hair stronger and tougher.
51 citations,
January 2007 in “The journal of investigative dermatology/Journal of investigative dermatology” Scientists discovered a unique hair protein, KAP24.1, with a special structure, found only in the upper part of hair cuticles.
48 citations,
November 2002 in “Journal of biological chemistry/The Journal of biological chemistry” Genetic variations in hair keratin proteins exist but don't significantly affect hair structure.
45 citations,
December 2007 in “The FASEB journal” There are two types of stem cells in rodent hair follicles, each with different keratin proteins.
42 citations,
January 2017 in “Genes” The gene KAP22-1 affects wool yield and fiber shape in sheep.
42 citations,
October 2009 in “The journal of investigative dermatology/Journal of investigative dermatology” Mutations in the KRT85 gene cause hair and nail problems.
41 citations,
November 2020 in “Colloids and surfaces. B, Biointerfaces” Different hair protein amounts change the strength of keratin/chitosan gels, useful for making predictable tissue engineering materials.
40 citations,
May 2016 in “Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America” Changes in keratin make hair follicles stiffer.
40 citations,
July 2015 in “Journal of Cellular Biochemistry” Cysteine helps maintain keratin production in skin cells even when iron is low.
40 citations,
June 2013 in “Journal of cosmetic dermatology” Brazilian keratin treatments can straighten hair but may contain harmful formaldehyde.
38 citations,
November 2020 in “International journal of biochemistry & cell biology” Keratin proteins are essential for keeping the cells in the human colon healthy and stable.
38 citations,
October 2011 in “Analytical biochemistry” Hair proteins have weak spots in their α-helical segments.
36 citations,
January 2004 in “European journal of cell biology” Without keratin 10, there's more growth and development of oil-producing skin cells.
35 citations,
June 2012 in “PloS one” Keratin 15 expression in skin cells is regulated by two mechanisms involving PKC/AP-1 and FOXM1.
34 citations,
August 1966 in “Experimental cell research” Keratin fibrils in hair form and stop growing at specific points in the follicle.
32 citations,
April 2014 in “The journal of investigative dermatology/Journal of investigative dermatology” Loss of keratin K2 causes skin problems and inflammation.
30 citations,
December 2011 in “Journal of biological chemistry/The Journal of biological chemistry” Keratin 17 is modified by RSK1 in response to growth and stress, affecting skin growth and stress response.
29 citations,
November 2011 in “Veterinary pathology” The study found that mouse sweat glands develop before birth, mature after birth, and have specific keratin patterns.
29 citations,
August 2005 in “Biopolymers” L-cysteine slows down the breaking of bonds in hair due to electrostatic interactions.
27 citations,
November 2007 in “Genomics” Mutations in specific keratin genes cause improper hair structure in mice due to faulty keratin protein assembly.
27 citations,
June 2005 in “The journal of investigative dermatology/Journal of investigative dermatology” The study found that variations in hair protein genes are likely due to evolutionary deletions or duplications.
27 citations,
September 2017 in “Journal of Medicinal Food” Annurca apple supplement safely increases hair growth and keratin in humans.
26 citations,
May 2014 in “BioEssays” Using neurohormones to control keratin can lead to new skin disease treatments.
25 citations,
November 2020 in “Experimental eye research/Experimental Eye Research” Different types of cells in the eye express specific keratins at various stages of development.
24 citations,
April 2017 in “Oncology Reports” The hair keratin gene KRT81 is found in both normal and breast cancer cells and helps them invade surrounding tissues.
24 citations,
February 2002 in “The journal of investigative dermatology/Journal of investigative dermatology” Two new proteins, hKAP1.6 and hKAP1.7, are found in the hair follicle cortex.
23 citations,
January 2015 in “Stem cells international” Coating surfaces with human hair keratin improves the growth and consistency of important stem cells for medical use.
22 citations,
August 2015 in “PloS one” Keratin from hair binds well to gold and BMP-2, useful for bone repair.
20 citations,
September 2018 in “Journal of colloid and interface science” Modified keratin binds better to hair, especially bleached hair.
20 citations,
December 2012 in “Journal of molecular structure” The study found that thioglycolic acid breaks down hair bonds more consistently than l-cysteine, which is less damaging to hair.