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Glossary Genetic Markers

specific DNA sequences indicating genetic traits or disease risks

Genetic markers are specific sequences in the DNA that can be used to identify individuals or species and can be associated with particular traits or diseases. They act like signposts within the genome, helping researchers locate genes linked to conditions such as alopecia, making it easier to study genetic predispositions and develop targeted treatments.

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SNP Markers: Analysis of Genetic Diversity and Identification of Genomic Regions in Pantaneiro and Texel Sheep Under Natural Selection

research SNP Markers: Analysis of Genetic Diversity and Identification of Genomic Regions in Pantaneiro Sheep and Texel Sheep Under Natural Selection

3 citations , September 2024 in “Frontiers in Bioscience-Scholar”

This study reported that Pantaneiro sheep from the Pantanal region of Brazil exhibit greater genetic variability and adaptability compared to the commercial Texel breed, highlighting their potential for further research and importance in Brazilian sheep farming.

research Genetic Markers of Male and Female Pattern Hair Loss

November 2005 in “Hair transplant forum international”

This paper discusses how studying hair follicles in the balding scalp could reveal fundamental biological processes, without reporting new experimental findings.

research Analyzing the role of ACE2, AR, MX1 and TMPRSS2 genetic markers for COVID-19 severity

9 citations , June 2023 in “Human Genomics”

This study found that higher levels of AR expression are linked to a decreased risk of severe COVID-19 in females, and identified ACE2, MX1, and TMPRSS2 as important molecular markers for COVID-19 management.

research MiR‐200c‐3p as a novel genetic marker and therapeutic tool for alopecia areata

7 citations , March 2024 in “Skin Research and Technology”

This study identified miR-200c-3p as influencing key genes in the EGFR resistance pathway, suggesting its potential theranostic role in addressing issues related to this pathway.

research Tru9I Variant as a Novel Genetic Marker for Vitamin D Deficiency in Alopecia Areata

March 2025 in “Clinical Cosmetic and Investigational Dermatology”

In this study, researchers found that the "U" allele of the Tru9I variant may be associated with low vitamin D levels and altered VDR gene activity in alopecia areata patients, while the "u" allele might have a protective role against developing the condition.

research Analysis of Genetic Diversity and Construction of a Core Collection of Ginkgo biloba Germplasm Using EST-SSR Markers

5 citations , October 2023 in “Forests”

In this study, researchers assessed the genetic diversity of 101 Ginkgo biloba individuals using EST-SSR markers and concluded that there is a high level of genetic diversity in Ginkgo populations, facilitating the construction of a core germplasm collection for breeding purposes.

research Assessment of prescribing information for generic drugs manufactured in the Middle East and marketed in Saudi Arabia

13 citations , May 2006 in “Annals of Saudi Medicine”

The researchers reported substantial discrepancies in prescribing information between generic drugs marketed in Saudi Arabia and standard references, indicating a need for regulatory improvements to ensure accuracy and patient safety.

research The US FDA has approved the marketing of generic finasteride 5mg tablets by Actavis.

May 2007 in “Inpharma Weekly”

research Correction to “MiR‐200c‐3p as a Novel Genetic Marker and Therapeutic Tool for Alopecia Areata”

August 2025 in “Skin Research and Technology”

This study discusses the potential of miR-200c-3p as a genetic marker and therapeutic tool for alopecia areata, but it highlights the need for additional methodological details and addresses discrepancies with previous findings on miRNA expression in hair-related processes.

Study of Human Leukocyte Antigen in 13 Cases of Familial Frontal Fibrosing Alopecia: CYP21A2 Gene p.V281L Mutation from Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia Linked to HLA Class I Haplotype HLA-A*33:01; B*14:02; C*08:02 as a Genetic Marker

research Study of Human Leukocyte Antigen ( HLA ) in 13 cases of familial frontal fibrosing alopecia: CYP 21A2 gene p.V281L mutation from congenital adrenal hyperplasia linked to HLA class I haplotype HLA ‐ A33:01 ; B14:02; C*08:02 as a genetic marker

7 citations , January 2019 in “Australasian Journal of Dermatology”

In this study, the CYP 21A2 gene p.V281L mutation was associated with an increased susceptibility to familial frontal fibrosing alopecia, suggesting an antigen-driven mechanism linked to certain human leukocyte antigen haplotypes.

research Genetic prediction of male pattern baldness

133 citations , February 2017 in “PLoS Genetics”

In this study, researchers used genetic data from over 52,000 men to identify over 250 genetic loci associated with severe hair loss and developed a predictive algorithm for determining hair loss risk.

research Dissection of genetic variation and evidence for pleiotropy in male pattern baldness

58 citations , December 2018 in “Nature Communications”

This study found that male pattern baldness in European males is strongly heritable and associated with genetic markers linked to earlier puberty, bone density, and pancreatic function.

Genetics and Other Factors in the Etiology of Female Pattern Hair Loss

research Genetics and other factors in the aetiology of female pattern hair loss

43 citations , April 2017 in “Experimental Dermatology”

This review summarizes the genetic studies on female pattern hair loss, highlighting the lack of clearly identified susceptibility loci and suggesting distinct aetiological differences from male pattern hair loss.

research Genetic prediction of male pattern baldness based on large independent datasets

3 citations , November 2022 in “European Journal of Human Genetics”

This study developed new genetic prediction models for male pattern baldness with improved accuracy by utilizing a large set of markers and independent datasets, making them the most reliable available for this trait.

research Use of genetics in the prediction of success in male pattern hair loss therapy and mechanistic studies

February 2026 in “Frontiers in Pharmacology”

This review suggests a shift toward genetically informed treatments for male pattern hair loss by integrating genetic insights and pharmacogenetic markers into therapeutic decision-making.

Predicting Human Appearance Traits Based on DNA Markers for Forensic and Criminal Purposes

research Przewidywanie cech wyglądu człowieka na podstawie markerów DNA do celów medyczno-sądowych i kryminalistycznych

July 2022 in “Postepy biochemii”

This review discusses the current state of research on genetic markers for predicting human phenotypic traits from DNA samples for forensic purposes and reports no new experimental findings.

research Association between the D19S884 marker at the insulin receptor gene locus and polycystic ovary syndrome

48 citations , January 2003 in “Fertility and Sterility”

In this study, researchers found no significant association between the D19S884 marker near the insulin receptor gene and polycystic ovary syndrome in women from Spain and Italy.

research Anti-androgenic potential of the fruit extracts of certain Egyptian Sabal species and their genetic variability studies: a metabolomic-molecular modeling approach

1 citations , January 2022 in “Food & Function”

This study found that fruit extracts from certain Egyptian Sabal species demonstrated significant anti-androgenic activity and potential therapeutic effects against benign prostatic hyperplasia in rat models and cell lines.

research Markers of Epidermal Stem Cell Subpopulations in Adult Mammalian Skin

96 citations , July 2014 in “Cold Spring Harbor Perspectives in Medicine”

This review discusses various stem cell compartments in adult murine and human epidermis, examining their expressed markers and characterization assays, and reports no new experimental results.

research A perspective on predictive markers of alopecia

January 2020 in “Archives of Medicine and Health Sciences”

This review discusses potential biomarkers for alopecia and their significance, and while it highlights areas for future research, it reports no new clinical results.

research Early androgenetic alopecia as a marker of insulin resistance

115 citations , September 2000 in “The Lancet”

Early hair loss may indicate risk of insulin resistance.

research Genetic Fate Mapping Using Site-Specific Recombinases

29 citations , January 2010 in “Methods in Enzymology”

This review discusses five genetic fate mapping methods used to study cell behaviors during development and regeneration, detailing the necessary tools and considerations without reporting new experimental results.

Androgenetic Alopecia in Polycystic Ovary Syndrome: A Cutaneous Marker of Systemic Metabo-Inflammatory and Endocrine Dysfunction: A Narrative Review

research Androgenetic Alopecia in Polycystic Ovary Syndrome: A Cutaneous Marker of Systemic Metabo-inflammatory and Endocrine Dysfunction: A Narrative Review

May 2026 in “Endocrine Connections”

This review posits that alopecia in PCOS results from the interaction between local follicular signaling failures, insulin resistance, inflammation, and genetic predispositions, rather than solely from androgen excess, and recommends a systems-level framework for its management.

research Polymorphism of the Androgen Receptor Gene is Associated with Male Pattern Baldness

299 citations , March 2001 in “Journal of Investigative Dermatology”

This study found that specific genetic markers near the androgen receptor gene are significantly more common in men with male pattern baldness, suggesting a genetic component in its development.

research Towards a “free radical theory of graying”: melanocyte apoptosis in the aging human hair follicle is an indicator of oxidative stress induced tissue damage

210 citations , May 2006 in “The FASEB journal”

This study found that oxidative stress in hair follicle melanocytes contributes to premature aging and apoptosis, providing insights into graying as a model for studying aging and testing antiaging therapies.

research Male-pattern baldness susceptibility locus at 20p11

111 citations , October 2008 in “Nature Genetics”

In their study, Tim Spector and colleagues identified a new genetic association at chromosome 20p11.22 with male-pattern baldness, confirmed by the increased risk when combined with a known androgen receptor gene variant.

research Meta-analysis identifies novel risk loci and yields systematic insights into the biology of male-pattern baldness

64 citations , March 2017 in “Nature communications”

This study identified 63 genetic loci associated with male-pattern baldness, uncovering genes and pathways that may help develop treatments and suggesting its connection to other human conditions.

research GWAS for male-pattern baldness identifies 71 susceptibility loci explaining 38% of the risk

57 citations , November 2017 in “Nature Communications”

This genome-wide association study identified 71 genetic loci linked to male pattern baldness, with 30 novel loci, explaining 38% of the risk and suggesting shared pathways with lifespan and cancer traits.

research Major Histocompatibility Complex Class I Chain-Related Gene A Polymorphisms and Extended Haplotypes Are Associated with Familial Alopecia Areata

44 citations , December 2005 in “Journal of Investigative Dermatology”

This study found significant associations between certain MICA variants and haplotypes with alopecia areata, suggesting MICA as a potential candidate gene linked to the disease's susceptibility and severity.

research Prediction of male-pattern baldness from genotypes

37 citations , October 2015 in “European Journal of Human Genetics”

This study found that a genetic model using SNPs can predict early-onset male-pattern baldness with moderate accuracy, which may assist in decisions about interventions.