April 2018 in “Journal of Investigative Dermatology” This study found that claudins CLDN1 and CLDN3 are crucial for maintaining proper hair follicle structure in mice, and their dysregulation may lead to telogen hair loss.
70 citations
,
February 2015 in “Expert Opinion on Drug Discovery” This review discusses current knowledge on the biological mechanisms of different types of alopecia but reports no new clinical findings; the authors highlight future research directions, especially regarding epidermal stem cells and immune pathways.
April 2018 in “Journal of Investigative Dermatology” This study found that the PPAR-γ modulator AGED can reverse epithelial-mesenchymal transition in hair follicles affected by lichen planopilaris ex vivo, suggesting potential for treating scarring alopecias.
November 2025 in “Clinical Cosmetic and Investigational Dermatology” This study found that specific immune cell phenotypes, particularly CD25 on CD4 Treg cells, were causally linked to androgenic alopecia, suggesting potential targets for immune-based therapies.
150 citations
,
October 2010 in “The American Journal of Pathology” This review discusses the pathogenesis and challenges in treating primary cicatricial alopecia, highlighting the need to understand immune protection collapse in hair follicle stem cells; it reports no new clinical results.
57 citations
,
March 2019 in “Immunity” This review discusses the roles of immune responses and cells in skin health and disease, emphasizing recent insights into their mechanisms and potential therapeutic applications, but presents no new experimental results.
15 citations
,
July 1999 in “Dermatologic Clinics” This article discusses the potential for targeted therapies in hair loss by exploring inflammatory and cytokine-mediated processes, but it presents no new clinical results.
3 citations
,
May 2023 in “Precision clinical medicine” This study analyzed gene expression data to identify key genes involved in severe forms of alopecia areata, discovering four immune monitoring genes (LGR5, SHISA2, HOXC13, S100A3) with potential for early diagnosis and better understanding of the disease's biological mechanisms.
April 2026 in “International Journal of Clinical Oncology” This review found that adding immune checkpoint inhibitors to cancer treatment regimens likely increases the incidence of specific drug-related skin toxicities in adult Asian patients, highlighting the need for careful monitoring and management strategies.
November 2023 in “Frontiers in cell and developmental biology” This source reviews mechanisms and existing treatments for hair aging, highlighting factors like oxidative stress and DNA repair defects that affect hair follicle and stem cell function, and discusses research limitations and future directions in the field.
September 2023 in “Frontiers in medicine” This review suggests that the mTOR signaling pathway may play a significant role in hair follicle health by influencing the effects of Vitamin D receptor deficiency, potentially contributing to hair follicle damage and related hair loss conditions.
This review discusses the dynamic behavior of immune cells in skin immune responses using intravital imaging in mice and reports no new clinical results.
January 2016 in “Human & Experimental Toxicology” This study reported that CCT oligodeoxynucleotide induced patchy hair loss in male mice with specific genetic traits, suggesting gender and genetic preferences in immune response.
17 citations
,
July 1994 in “Journal of Dermatological Science” This article reviews the genetic and potential environmental factors in alopecia areata's pathogenesis and suggests a polygenic model but reports no new clinical findings.
18 citations
,
October 2014 in “Experimental Biology and Medicine” This study found that feeding mice high levels of dietary vitamin A increased WNT signaling, which activated hair follicle stem cells and may have accelerated alopecia areata progression.
8 citations
,
April 2020 in “Journal of Ethnopharmacology” This review assessed experimental studies on herbs used for alopecia, identifying potential mechanisms involving hair cycle management and keratinocyte processes, but highlighted a need for improved evidence on quality control and toxicity of these herbal treatments.
3 citations
,
January 2003 in “Cell Structure and Function” This study found that Meth-A cells induced alopecia in mice, but this effect was blocked by a protein kinase inhibitor, suggesting immunological mechanisms involving lymphokine-activated killer cells.
May 2009 in “The American Journal of Dermatopathology” This abstract contains only journal subscription and informational content and does not present any research findings.
1 citations
,
May 2021 in “Research Square (Research Square)” This study concluded that controlled micro-injury induces hair regeneration and vitiligo repigmentation in mice, potentially through the Wnt/β-catenin pathway.
1 citations
,
August 2018 in “bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory)” This study reports that a novel gain-of-function mutation in TMEM173, combined with polymorphisms in TMEM173 and IFIH1, results in a distinct clinical phenotype with features of SAVI, including alopecia and photosensitivity.
29 citations
,
May 2020 in “npj Regenerative Medicine” This review discusses the role of the immune niche in hair follicle regeneration and its impact on different forms of alopecia, highlighting research gaps and potential therapeutic strategies.
26 citations
,
June 2019 in “The journal of investigative dermatology/Journal of investigative dermatology” This review explores regenerative medicine approaches for vitiligo and alopecia areata, focusing on pathways for repopulating melanocytes and regrowing hair follicles, and summarizes potential treatments without reporting new clinical results.
5 citations
,
February 2022 in “Frontiers in physiology” This review discusses the role of various cells outside the hair follicle in regulating melanocyte stem cells and hair graying, but reports no new clinical results.
2 citations
,
October 2015 in “Human Gene Therapy” The congress highlighted new gene therapy techniques and cell transplantation methods for treating diseases.
November 2025 in “Frontiers in Immunology” This review integrates studies on mouse models and human clinical observations to highlight the role of immune cells in skin development and how their dysregulation leads to skin disorders, suggesting potential therapeutic pathways for skin regeneration.
8 citations
,
September 2017 in “Journal of Investigative Dermatology” This study found that inhibiting the interaction between CXXC5 and Dishevelled could stimulate hair regrowth in mouse models by enhancing WNT/β-catenin signaling, suggesting a potential therapeutic strategy for hair loss involving compounds that block this interaction, such as interfering short peptides.
125 citations
,
December 2016 in “Molecules” This review discusses the extraction, purification, modification, and biological activity of polysaccharides from Traditional Chinese Medicine and reports no new research findings.
59 citations
,
October 2020 in “Stem Cell Reviews and Reports” This review discusses potential mechanisms contributing to higher COVID-19 mortality among men, particularly the roles of smoking, genetic factors, and reproductive hormones, without presenting new clinical findings.
58 citations
,
April 2012 in “Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology” Graft-versus-host disease is a complication where donor immune cells attack the recipient's body, often affecting the skin, liver, and gastrointestinal tract.
52 citations
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September 2018 in “International Journal of Molecular Sciences” This review highlights the potential of ginseng and its metabolites in preventing hair loss, detailing their hair growth-promoting effects observed in numerous preclinical studies, and emphasizing the underlying mechanisms involved.