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This study examines the expression of SIRT3, SIRT7, NFATC1, and PDL-1 genes in androgenetic alopecia (AGA) using mesenchymal stem cells from six men. It found that SIRT3 and SIRT7, which decrease during hair follicle aging, were reduced in AGA samples, suggesting their involvement in AGA development. NFATC1 and PDL-1 were elevated, though their roles need further investigation. The study highlights the potential link between these genes and AGA, noting the importance of mitochondrial function and stem cell activity. However, the small sample size limits the findings, and larger studies are needed to explore these genes as therapeutic targets.

The study explored the effects of MT-DADMe-ImmA, an inhibitor of 5′-methylthioadenosine phosphorylase (MTAP), on head and neck cancer cell lines, particularly FaDu and Cal27. The treatment with MT-DADMe-ImmA and 5′-methylthioadenosine (MTA) increased MTA concentrations, decreased polyamines, and induced apoptosis in these cancer cells by causing mitochondrial dysfunction and changes in DNA methylation. The combination treatment was selective for cancer cells, sparing normal fibroblasts and MTAP-deficient breast cancer cells. In a mouse model, MT-DADMe-ImmA led to tumor remission without significant toxicity, suggesting its potential as a selective anticancer agent for tumors sensitive to reduced CpG island methylation.

Cutaneous gene therapy research, conducted over more than 20 years, explored both direct and indirect gene transfer methods using viral and nonviral vectors to treat inherited skin diseases and potentially systemic disorders. Despite reaching clinical phases, challenges such as gene expression loss and immune reactions persisted. The study highlighted the potential of epidermal and hair follicle stem cells in skin regeneration and gene therapy, with telomerase influencing hair growth and cell proliferation. Clinical trials, such as those for junctional epidermolysis bullosa, showed potential for long-term expression and phenotypic correction. The research also explored hair follicle gene therapy, noting that adenoviral-mediated expression of Sonic hedgehog (Shh) could enhance hair growth, suggesting potential benefits for alopecia treatment. The document concluded that advancements in vector development and gene expression control could make cutaneous gene therapy a viable option for various diseases.

The study investigated the efficiency of three nonviral transfection systems for gene delivery in human keratinocytes, with a focus on the adenovirus-enhanced transferrin-mediated (AVET) system. The AVET system demonstrated a transfection efficiency of 28.8%, outperforming SuperFect and PrimeFector. The presence of adenovirus was crucial for effective gene delivery. The system was more effective in slowly adhering keratinocytes, suggesting stem cells were less efficiently transfected. The AVET system corrected the enzymatic defect in keratinocytes from lamellar ichthyosis patients, achieving enzyme activity levels similar to normal keratinocytes. However, it was unsuccessful in organotypic cultures from outer root sheath cells, likely due to the cornified layer or receptor inaccessibility. Overall, the AVET system was a powerful tool for transient in vitro transfection of keratinocytes, with potential applications in gene therapy for skin diseases.

The document reviewed various in vitro and in vivo models used to study hair follicles, focusing on their role in understanding hair growth and disorders like androgenetic alopecia and alopecia areata. It discussed the use of genetically modified animals and cell cultures, such as dermal papilla cells, to explore the biological and biochemical mechanisms of hair follicles. These models provided insights into the effects of androgens and growth factors on hair growth, highlighting the importance of synthesizing information from different models due to the unique characteristics of human hair growth. The research aimed to facilitate a better understanding of hair follicle function and aid in developing novel treatments for hair disorders.