March 2026 in “Preprints.org” This study investigated the secretome of adipose mesenchymal stem cells and fibroblasts used in skin care products, finding 16 therapeutic pathways involving numerous signaling mechanisms, which may offer skin benefits through anti-inflammatory and regenerative effects.
February 2026 in “International Journal of Molecular Sciences” In this study, the researchers found that cholinergic signaling via M4 muscarinic receptors influences hair growth, with enhanced elongation observed upon activation with bethanechol, highlighting its potential role in hair biology using mouse models.
February 2026 in “Exploration” This review summarizes research on scar formation and inhibition mechanisms, discussing emerging therapies like gene therapy and stem cell treatments, but notes ongoing challenges for clinical application, including treatment personalization and outcome sustainability.
In this preclinical study, PA-011 derived from Periplaneta americana showed significant hair regrowth effects in androgenetic alopecia mouse models by inhibiting inflammation and oxidative stress, activating hair follicle stem cell proliferation, and normalizing skin microbiota, suggesting promise as an AGA treatment.
March 2025 in “International Journal of Molecular Sciences” This review explores melatonin's role in hair follicle cycles and its molecular mechanisms that enhance antioxidant capacity and modulate gene expression, offering potential strategies to improve cashmere production and treating human alopecia, according to the authors.
February 2025 in “International Journal of Molecular Sciences” In this study, researchers identified significant differences in lipid composition between grey and black hair follicles in women with type 2 diabetes and healthy controls, suggesting these lipids may contribute to the production of grey hair and may offer targets for anti-grey-hair treatments.
260 citations
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January 2020 in “Nature” Stress can cause hair to turn gray by depleting stem cells.
65 citations
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April 2018 in “Oncotarget” This review discusses the potential carcinogenic effects of anabolic androgenic steroids, particularly regarding Leydig cell tumors, and highlights the need for preventive information campaigns due to associated health risks.
6 citations
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March 2009 in “Pigment Cell & Melanoma Research” This study suggests that a purified sphingolipid fraction can activate melanocyte stem cells via p38 signalling, potentially offering a non-UV-based treatment for vitiligo, though additional validation is needed.
2 citations
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January 2023 in “Pharmaceuticals” This review discusses factors affecting hair health, types of alopecia, and the potential of phytochemicals in managing hair loss but reports no new clinical results; it highlights the need for further studies.
1 citations
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October 2025 in “Current Issues in Molecular Biology” This research found that escin, when applied topically, enhances blood flow in human skin and promotes changes in endothelial cell signaling pathways, suggesting potential benefits for improving cutaneous microcirculation.
July 2026 in “International Journal of Molecular Sciences” This review highlights that a comprehensive approach combining pharmacological, immunomodulatory, and regenerative interventions, including phototherapy enhanced with topical treatments and JAK inhibitors, appears effective and promising in the management of vitiligo by addressing its autoimmune and melanocyte-loss aspects.
This study found that quercetin significantly promoted proliferation and inhibited apoptosis of hair follicle stem cells from Arbas cashmere goats, suggesting potential benefits for improving cashmere production.
August 2025 in “Frontiers in Pharmacology” In this study, PA-011, a traditional Chinese medicine extract, was shown to improve hair growth in alopecia areata model mice by reducing skin inflammation and altering skin microbiota, indicating its potential therapeutic role for this condition.
26 citations
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May 2014 in “BioEssays” This review discusses how neuroendocrine pathways influence keratin regulation in human skin and hair follicles and suggests these pathways as potential targets for new treatments of skin disorders, but reports no clinical results.
1 citations
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June 2014 in “Journal of developmental biology” This study found that retinoic acid induces epidermal transdifferentiation into mucosal epithelium in both chick and mammalian embryonic skin, involving specific gene expressions and pathways.
October 2025 in “Gene Expression” This review explores the potential of exosomes, which contain substances that may stimulate hair follicle activity, as a new therapeutic strategy for alopecia, and discusses their possible benefits and risks based on current knowledge of microRNAs and intracellular signaling in hair follicle morphogenesis.
October 2025 in “International Journal of Molecular Sciences” This study found that topical rebamipide, originally a gastric ulcer medication, can activate hair follicle stem cells and promote hair regeneration by modulating dermal adipocyte metabolism, with potential targeting of the prostaglandin E receptor EP4.
October 2023 in “Clinical, Cosmetic and Investigational Dermatology” This study found that supplemented Erzhi Wan enhanced hair regrowth in a mouse model of androgenetic alopecia and identified potential mechanisms through oxidative stress and signaling pathways.
December 2022 in “Frontiers in Pharmacology” This study reported that Tianma Gouteng decoction improved hair follicle regeneration in mice and identified its potential mechanism, primarily involving the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway, through a combination of network pharmacology, molecular docking, and experimental validation.
144 citations
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August 2019 in “Cells” This review discusses the WNT signaling pathway's involvement in human diseases and highlights recent advances in WNT-related treatments, but it presents no new research findings.
March 2026 in “Calcified Tissue International” This review discusses the complex role of the EDA pathway in vertebrate skeletal development, emphasizing its interaction with other morphogenic pathways to influence skeletal diversity, but reports no new experimental results.
26 citations
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June 2019 in “The journal of investigative dermatology/Journal of investigative dermatology” This review explores regenerative medicine approaches for vitiligo and alopecia areata, focusing on pathways for repopulating melanocytes and regrowing hair follicles, and summarizes potential treatments without reporting new clinical results.
10 citations
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December 2017 in “Chemosphere” In this study, BPA rapidly increased dendritic spine and synapse densities in cultured rat hippocampal neurons, with involvement of estrogen receptors and ERK1/2 and p38 pathways, but disrupted dihydrotestosterone's effects on synaptic plasticity.
2 citations
,
August 2024 in “Animal Bioscience” This study suggests that m6A-circHECA may influence the physiology of cashmere goats' SHFs both through miRNA pathways and interactions with target proteins, with promoter methylation potentially inhibiting its gene expression.
June 2025 in “Animal Bioscience” This study found that miRNA-24 downregulates the KLF6 gene, influencing coat color by affecting melanogenesis pathways in Cashmere goats, and that miRNA-24 inhibition increased melanin content in mice.
408 citations
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January 2017 in “Science” This study found that hair follicles in mice and humans can convert wound-related myofibroblasts into adipocytes, suggesting a potential pathway to reduce scar formation by activating BMP signaling.
50 citations
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May 2004 in “Journal der Deutschen Dermatologischen Gesellschaft” This review discusses the role of estrogens in hair follicle cycling and the skin, highlighting the need for more research on estrogen signaling pathways and their interactions with other factors in hair biology.
43 citations
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November 2019 in “PLoS ONE” This study revealed that differential gene and protein expression in the "Yufen I" H line chicken breed is crucial for Columbian plumage coloration, particularly in the melanogenesis pathway.
24 citations
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March 2018 in “Pigment Cell & Melanoma Research” This review discusses the interactions between melanocyte stem cells and their niche in hair regeneration and repair, but reports no new results; recent studies on molecular pathways are highlighted.