Anabolic Androgenic Steroids and Carcinogenicity Focusing on Leydig Cell: A Literature Review

This literature review examined the carcinogenic effects of anabolic androgenic steroids (AAS), particularly focusing on Leydig cell tumors. AAS were found to influence DNA transcription through androgen and estrogen receptors, potentially leading to cell proliferation in Leydig cell cancer and breast cell proliferation. The review highlighted the activation of pathways such as PI3K/AKT and PLC/PKC by steroids like nandrolone and stanazolol, contributing to these effects. The study emphasized the public health concern posed by AAS abuse, which disrupts testosterone biosynthesis and hormonal regulation, potentially leading to carcinogenic outcomes. The authors suggested that increased awareness campaigns in gyms and schools could help prevent male fertility issues and other tissue damage associated with AAS use.