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Sardinians were historically short due to a mix of genetics and factors like disease and poor nutrition, but recent height increases suggest better living conditions had a bigger impact.

Hereditary elliptocytosis causes elongated red blood cells and can lead to mild or no symptoms.

Genetically repaired stem cells may treat certain genetic diseases, Th17 cells are key in fighting systemic fungal infections, hair loss in AGA is due to progenitor cell loss, and α-synuclein transfer might contribute to Parkinson's disease progression.

Certain medications can reduce mortality risk in COPD patients, but others can increase risks of cardiovascular issues, postoperative delirium, and other adverse effects.

This enzyme helps metabolize fatty acids and isoleucine, and could be key in treating neurological diseases and certain cancers.

Minoxidil lowers blood pressure more effectively but has more side effects, so try hydralazine first.

Minoxidil significantly lowers blood pressure in patients with hard-to-treat hypertension, but can cause fluid retention and excessive hair growth.

Some oral medications may help treat central serous chorioretinopathy, especially eplerenone, but more research is needed.

Using mesenchymal stem cells or their exosomes is safe for COVID-19 patients and helps improve lung healing and oxygen levels.

PRP treatment helps hair growth and rebalances scalp bacteria in androgenetic alopecia patients.

A young woman with visual issues and other symptoms was diagnosed with lupus and antiphospholipid syndrome, and improved with treatment.

Finasteride treatment in rats changed the expression of genes related to psychiatric and neurological functions, and these changes persisted after stopping the drug.

Non-coding RNA boosts retinoic acid production and signaling, aiding regeneration.

The conclusion is that endocrinology significantly impacts medicine with various common medications used for treatment.

Skin changes can indicate starvation and nutritional deficiencies in anorexia nervosa.

Oral minoxidil may slow male pattern baldness and cause body hair growth, but hair loss can happen after stopping it.

The FDA approved a new breast cancer treatment, found flu shots may reduce heart risks, questioned the safety of fast-tracked drug approvals, showed statins don't help with certain pneumonia, and approved a new dementia imaging agent.

New skin treatments in 1987-1988 showed effectiveness for various conditions, but some had side effects or risks.

β-catenin is essential for stem cell activation and proliferation in hair follicles.

β-catenin in the dermal papilla is crucial for normal hair growth and repair.

Wnt signaling is crucial for pigmented hair regeneration by controlling stem cell activation and differentiation.

Skin needs dermal β-catenin activity for hair growth and skin cell multiplication.

Stem cell niches are crucial for regulating stem cell renewal and differentiation, and understanding them can help in developing regenerative therapies.

Skin cells produce and activate vitamin D, which regulates skin functions and supports hair growth.

Wnt signaling controls whether hair follicle stem cells stay inactive or regenerate hair.

Activating a protein called β-catenin in adult skin can make it behave like young skin, potentially helping with skin aging and hair loss.

Laminin-511 is crucial for early hair growth and maintaining important hair development signals.

The study found that the protein Dkk4 helps regulate hair growth by controlling Wnt signaling in mice.

Exosomes from dermal papilla cells can help grow hair and might treat hair loss.

Wnt signaling is crucial for skin and hair development and its disruption can cause skin tumors.