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Cyanidin 3-O-arabinoside may help treat a common form of hair loss by protecting cells against aging and improving cell function.

Acute leukemias with the Philadelphia chromosome may be biphenotypic, and identifying this is important for proper treatment.

Melatonin affects many body functions beyond sleep by interacting with specific receptors in various tissues.

Potassium channel openers could help treat cardiovascular diseases and asthma but require better targeting to specific tissues for effective use.

5α-reductase inhibitors don't stop bladder cancer from developing or getting worse.

High TSPEAR levels in colorectal cancer predict worse outcomes.

High TSPEAR levels in colorectal cancer predict worse outcomes.

The vitamin D receptor is involved in multiple body functions beyond calcium regulation, including immune response and rapid reactions not related to gene activity.

Alopecia areata is an autoimmune disease causing patchy hair loss, often with other autoimmune disorders, but its exact causes are unknown.

Thymus transplantation successfully restored immune function in infants with FOXN1 deficiency.

Toll-like receptors are important for wound healing, but can slow it down in diabetic wounds.

Testosterone may slow down wound healing and increase inflammation.

Platelet-rich treatments can help improve wound healing and tissue repair.

PDRN, derived from salmon sperm, shows promise in healing wounds, reducing inflammation, and regenerating tissues, but more research is needed to understand its mechanisms and improve its use.

Self-amplifying RNA could be a better option for protein replacement therapy with lower doses and lasting effects, but delivering it into cells is still challenging.

Deleting Snai2 and Snai3 causes fatal autoimmunity.

Deleting the Trf1 protein in mice is safe and may help prevent cancer without major side effects.

Topical vitamin D is effective in treating vitiligo with few side effects.

Pantethine may boost the immune system's ability to fight sarcoma.

MSC-derived exosomes can help treat COVID-19, hair loss, skin aging, and arthritis.

Effective PCOS treatments require targeting specific signaling pathways.

In 2011, there were major scientific breakthroughs in cancer treatment, immunity, Parkinson's, virus simulation, schizophrenia, hair growth, lung cancer, and medical grafts.

Two main types of fibroblasts with unique functions and additional subtypes were identified in human skin.

Men are more likely to have severe COVID-19 cases and fatalities than women due to factors like lifestyle, aging, and biological differences.

The document concludes that diagnosing and treating Human African Trypanosomiasis is challenging, but new treatments like fexinidazole are promising.

Some natural compounds may help overcome drug resistance in certain cancers, but more research is needed.

The S100A4 protein is more common in psoriatic skin and could be a target for treating psoriasis.

Chemotherapy can cause brain inflammation and damage, and understanding this process could help manage side effects.

Short telomeres contribute to aging and cancer, and while telomerase can delay aging, it may also promote cancer.

Certain spices may help prevent and treat skin cancer, but more human trials are needed.