Physiological Skin Oxygen Levels: An Important Criterion for Skin Cell Functionality and Therapeutic Approaches

The document emphasizes the importance of physiological oxygen levels, or "physioxia," in skin cell functionality and therapeutic approaches. It highlights that skin cells naturally exist in a low-oxygen environment, which is not replicated in conventional in vitro models, leading to potential issues like free radical production and skin aging. The review discusses how physioxia affects key processes such as metabolism, proliferation, differentiation, and pigmentation, and suggests that maintaining physioxia is crucial for optimal skin cell function. It also explores the roles of transcription factors like Nrf2, HIF-1, and NF-κB in oxidative stress response and inflammation under physioxia. The document calls for more research to better understand these interactions and optimize therapeutic strategies, noting that physioxia could enhance skin repair and anti-aging treatments.