Potential Treatment of Steroid-Resistant Alopecia Areata Using Allogeneic Exosomes Derived From Adipose Tissue Mesenchymal Stromal Cells: A Case Report

This review examined 40 studies on exosome-based therapies for alopecia areata, reporting significant hair regrowth and improvements in hair count, length, and thickness, but highlighted the need for standardized methodologies and robust RCTs before clinical application.

This review discusses recent advances in using extracellular vesicles as a potential treatment for alopecia and highlights ongoing challenges in their clinical application and mass production; no new clinical results are reported.

This study found that human adipose-derived MSC exosomes (hADSC-Exos) may enhance dermal papillary cell proliferation and migration by activating the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway, potentially reversing the effects of dihydrotestosterone in androgenetic alopecia.

In this study, two female patients with severe, treatment-resistant alopecia areata showed significant hair regrowth after a single session of intradermal administration of adipose tissue–derived exosomes, without experiencing adverse events, suggesting a promising therapeutic strategy for refractory cases.

PRP injections can increase hair density in people with androgenic alopecia.

This review summarizes recent advancements in using exosomes for promoting hair growth, finding that exosomes from various cells, like dermal papilla and mesenchymal stem cells, show promise as a potential new treatment route for alopecia.

This study compared JAK inhibitors for moderate-to-severe alopecia areata and found brepocitinib 30mg and deuruxolitinib 12mg to be most effective, though deuruxolitinib may cause more adverse events. Further research is needed for long-term efficacy and safety.

This study found that rhIL-15 promotes human hair follicle growth and regrowth in experimental settings and may have therapeutic potential for alopecia areata by restoring immune privilege guardianship.

This study found that modifying adipose-derived stem cells to overexpress the adhesion protein JAM-A increased the adhesion and resilience of dermal papilla cells in the context of androgenic alopecia, potentially facilitating hair regrowth despite challenges such as damage from dihydrotestosterone and macrophages.

This systematic review found that both cellular and acellular stem cell-based therapies are safe and able to improve hair regeneration and density in patients with androgenic alopecia, although some results may be temporary.

This study highlights the potential of fat injections for treating alopecia, as they may promote hair regrowth, reduce inflammation, and exhibit limited adverse effects, suggesting efficacy and safety in managing the condition.

This meta-analysis found that platelet-rich plasma therapy significantly increased hair density in androgenic alopecia, with stand-alone PRP showing notable improvements, but the benefits of combining PRP with other therapies remain uncertain.

In this study, researchers observed that phospholipid-calcium carbonate hybrid nanoparticles effectively delivered Tofacitinib citrate topically, which significantly inhibited hair follicle apoptosis and promoted hair growth in a mouse model of chemotherapy-induced alopecia, compared to a traditional Tofacitinib solution.

This study found that exosomes from adipose mesenchymal stromal cells, particularly those carrying miR-122-5p, may enhance hair follicle regeneration in androgenic alopecia by targeting the TGF-β/SMAD3 axis.

This review discusses the role of the JAK/STAT pathway in managing alopecia areata and emphasizes the need for further research to determine the ideal JAK inhibitor, as it reports no new clinical results.