Stem Cell Use to Treat Dermatological Disorders

Stem cell therapy is emerging as a promising treatment for various dermatological disorders, including alopecia, atopic dermatitis, dermatomyositis, epidermolysis bullosa, psoriasis, scleromyxedema, systemic sclerosis, systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), vitiligo, and chronic wounds. The review highlights the potential of induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) and mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) due to their ability to differentiate into various cell types and their regenerative properties. Studies have shown significant hair regrowth in alopecia patients using adipose-derived stem cells, and symptom improvement in atopic dermatitis with MSCs. Autologous stem cell transplants have improved dermatomyositis symptoms, while MSC therapy shows potential benefits for epidermolysis bullosa. Hematopoietic stem cell therapy has been effective for systemic sclerosis, and cellular grafts using hair follicle stem cells have achieved repigmentation in vitiligo. Despite these advancements, challenges remain in controlling differentiation, ensuring genetic stability, and replicating in vivo conditions, necessitating further research to optimize therapeutic applications and confirm long-term efficacy and safety.