Progress in studies of epidermal stem cells and their application in skin tissue engineering

The review discussed the role of epidermal stem cells (EPSCs) in skin tissue engineering, emphasizing their importance in skin homeostasis, wound healing, and tissue regeneration. EPSCs, located in the basal layer of the epidermis, were crucial for skin repair due to their self-renewal and differentiation capabilities. The document highlighted advancements in culturing and enriching EPSCs, including techniques like fluorescence-activated cell sorting (FACS) and the use of specific biomarkers. It explored the potential of EPSCs in regenerative strategies, particularly when combined with biomaterial scaffolds, and noted the role of pathways like Wnt/β-catenin in hair follicle development. The review also discussed the use of natural and synthetic biomaterials as scaffolds and the promise of 3D bioprinting for precise cell delivery and tissue reconstruction. Despite advancements, challenges remained in manufacturing costs and replicating complex regenerative processes, with future research needed to enhance EPSC-based therapies.