Hair Follicle Differentiation And Regulation

January 2004 in “ The International Journal of Developmental Biology ”

George E. Rogers

TLDR Hair follicle growth and development are controlled by specific genes and molecular signals.

The document reviewed the advancements in understanding hair follicle differentiation and regulation since Hardy's 1992 review. It covered the structure of hair and hair follicles, the characterization of genes for keratin and keratin-associated proteins, and the identification of their expression locations within different cell layers of the hair follicle. Additionally, it discussed the molecular signals that controlled keratin gene expression and the post-translational events occurring in the terminal stages of hair formation.

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Research cited in this study

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Hair Keratin Associated Proteins: Characterization of a Second High Sulfur KAP Gene Domain on Human Chromosome 21 in Fond Memory of Dr. Peter Steinert

research Hair Keratin Associated Proteins: Characterization of a Second High Sulfur KAP Gene Domain on Human Chromosome 21 in Fond Memory of Dr. Peter Steinert

62 citations , January 2004 in “The journal of investigative dermatology/Journal of investigative dermatology”

A second domain of high sulfur KAP genes on chromosome 21q23 is crucial for hair structure.

research Defining BMP Functions in the Hair Follicle by Conditional Ablation of BMP Receptor IA

250 citations , November 2003 in “The Journal of Cell Biology”

BMP receptor IA is essential for proper hair cell differentiation in mice.

research Alopecia in a Novel Mouse Model RCO3 Is Caused by mK6irs1 Deficiency

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A missing mK6irs1 gene causes hair loss in mice.

research Molecular Control of Epithelial-Mesenchymal Interactions During Hair Follicle Cycling

277 citations , June 2003 in “The journal of investigative dermatology. Symposium proceedings/The Journal of investigative dermatology symposium proceedings”

Epithelial-mesenchymal interactions control hair growth cycles through specific molecular signals.

research K6irs1, K6irs2, K6irs3, And K6irs4 Represent The Inner-Root-Sheath-Specific Type II Epithelial Keratins Of The Human Hair Follicle

130 citations , April 2003 in “Journal of Investigative Dermatology”

Four specific keratins in hair follicles help understand hair structure and function.

research Bone Morphogenetic Proteins and Their Antagonists in Skin and Hair Follicle Biology

176 citations , January 2003 in “Journal of Investigative Dermatology”

Bone Morphogenetic Proteins (BMPs) help control skin health, hair growth, and color, and could potentially be used to treat skin and hair disorders.

research Characterization of a First Domain of Human High Glycine-Tyrosine and High Sulfur Keratin-Associated Protein Genes on Chromosome 21q22.1

100 citations , December 2002 in “Journal of biological chemistry/The Journal of biological chemistry”

Researchers mapped and categorized specific keratin-associated protein genes on human chromosome 21q22.1.

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425 citations , August 2002 in “BioEssays”

The cornified cell envelope forms a protective barrier in skin and hair, using specific proteins and lipids to maintain effectiveness.

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13 citations , January 2002 in “Biological chemistry”

Different conditions affect how hair proteins assemble, and certain mutations can change their structure.

research Mutant Laboratory Mice With Abnormalities in Hair Follicle Morphogenesis, Cycling, and Structure: Annotated Tables

86 citations , December 2001 in “Experimental dermatology”

Mutant mice help researchers understand hair growth and related genetic factors.

research The Catalog of Human Hair Keratins

272 citations , September 2001 in “Journal of Biological Chemistry”

Human hair keratins were cataloged, showing their roles in hair differentiation stages.

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555 citations , July 2001 in “Genes & Development”

Tcf3 and Lef1 are key in deciding skin stem cell roles.

Characterization of a Cluster of Human High/Ultrahigh Sulfur Keratin-Associated Protein Genes Embedded in the Type I Keratin Gene Domain on Chromosome 17q12-21

research Characterization of a Cluster of Human High/Ultrahigh Sulfur Keratin-Associated Protein Genes Embedded in the Type I Keratin Gene Domain on Chromosome 17q12-21

98 citations , June 2001 in “Journal of biological chemistry/The Journal of biological chemistry”

A cluster of sulfur-rich hair protein genes was found on chromosome 17.

research A Novel Type II Cytokeratin, mK6irs, is Expressed in the Huxley and Henle Layers of the Mouse Inner Root Sheath

45 citations , March 2001 in “Journal of Investigative Dermatology”

A new protein, mK6irs, is found in specific hair layers and may help understand hair growth and diseases.

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91 citations , December 2000 in “The journal of cell biology/The Journal of cell biology”

Scientists successfully created mouse hair proteins in the lab, which are stable and similar to natural hair.

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305 citations , December 2000 in “The EMBO Journal”

Inhibiting Bmp signaling disrupts hair growth and differentiation.

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22 citations , September 2000 in “Journal of Investigative Dermatology”

μ-Crystallin may help hair growth by affecting thyroid hormone levels in mouse hair follicles.

research Activation of the Notch pathway in the hair cortex leads to aberrant differentiation of the adjacent hair-shaft layers

109 citations , June 2000 in “Development”

Notch pathway activation causes abnormal hair layer development.

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54 citations , December 1999 in “Journal of Investigative Dermatology Symposium Proceedings”

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Activated LEF/TCF complexes are crucial for hair development and cycling.

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235 citations , July 1999 in “Journal of biological chemistry/The Journal of biological chemistry”

Human hair is made up of different keratins, some strong and some weak, with specific types appearing at various stages of hair growth.

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K6hf is a unique protein found only in a specific layer of hair follicles.

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The LEF-1 binding site enhances gene expression in hair follicles, with other proteins aiding specific regulation.

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Keratin proteins and their genes are crucial for hair growth and structure.

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33 citations , October 1996 in “Journal of Investigative Dermatology”

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52 citations , October 1995 in “Experimental Cell Research”

Human hair keratin genes hHa2 and hHb1 are located on chromosomes 17 and 12.

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55 citations , May 1995 in “The journal of investigative dermatology/Journal of investigative dermatology”

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35 citations , September 1994 in “Journal of Investigative Dermatology”

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43 citations , July 1994 in “Journal of Cell Science”

Cross-linked proteins help maintain the structure of hair, feathers, and hagfish teeth.

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40 citations , February 1994 in “Journal of Investigative Dermatology”

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Mouse Notch is important for determining cell roles in hair follicles.

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Hair follicles create different cell layers and proteins, controlled by various molecules.

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Type II keratin genes are crucial for hair follicle differentiation and have a conserved structure and expression pattern.

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98 citations , December 1991 in “Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences”

Keratin gene regulation is similar across mammals, affecting hair follicle differentiation.

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Researchers found genes for cysteine-rich proteins that form the protective layer of hair in humans and sheep.

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Trichohyalin is a protein in hair follicles that helps form hair filaments.

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Wool follicles are complex, involving interactions between different cell types and structures.

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Hair and wool have complex microscopic structures with microfibrils and varying cystine content.

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24 citations , December 1957 in “Experimental Cell Research”

The glassy layer of hair follicles has different fibril sizes and arrangements in guinea pigs and young mice.

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research Hair Follicle Differentiation And Regulation

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