A Novel Type II Cytokeratin, mK6irs, Is Expressed in the Huxley and Henle Layers of the Mouse Inner Root Sheath

March 2001 in “ Journal of Investigative Dermatology ”

Noriaki Aoki, S. Sawada, Yutaka Shimomura, Tomotaka Tsujimoto, Kaoru Ito, Masaaki Ito, Michael A. Rogers, Jürgen Schweizer

TLDR A new protein, mK6irs, is found in specific hair layers and may help understand hair growth and diseases.

The study identified a novel type II cytokeratin, mK6irs, specifically expressed in the Huxley and Henle layers of the mouse inner root sheath (IRS) during the anagen phase of hair growth. This 57 kDa protein showed homology with other cytokeratins and was confirmed through various analyses to be present only during specific phases of the hair cycle. The research suggested that mK6irs played a role in the differentiation and structure of the IRS, contributing to the understanding of hair follicle biology. Additionally, the study proposed that mK6irs could be important for understanding hereditary hair diseases, as mutations in keratins are linked to conditions like cicatricial alopecia and monilethrix.

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Research cited in this study

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research Characterization of a 300 Kbp Region of Human DNA Containing the Type II Hair Keratin Gene Domain

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research Two Different Mutations in the Same Codon of a Type II Hair Keratin (hHb6) in Patients with Monilethrix

20 citations , December 1999 in “Journal of Investigative Dermatology”

Mutations in the hHb6 gene cause the hair disorder monilethrix.

research Identification of Novel Mutations in Basic Hair Keratins hHb1 and hHb6 in Monilethrix: Implications for Protein Structure and Clinical Phenotype

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research A Novel Human Type II Cytokeratin, K6hf, Specifically Expressed in the Companion Layer of the Hair Follicle

139 citations , December 1998 in “The journal of investigative dermatology/Journal of investigative dermatology”

K6hf is a unique protein found only in a specific layer of hair follicles.

research Onset of Keratin 17 Expression Coincides with the Definition of Major Epithelial Lineages During Skin Development

318 citations , October 1998 in “The Journal of Cell Biology”

Keratin 17 is important for skin development and may help define skin cell types.

research Monilethrix: A Keratin HHb6 Mutation Is Co-Dominant With Variable Expression

26 citations , October 1998 in “Experimental Dermatology”

A keratin hHb6 mutation causes a hair disorder with varying severity, influenced by other factors.

research A Splice Site Mutation in the Human Type I Hair Keratin Gene hHa1 Results in the Expression of a Tailless Keratin Isoform

28 citations , December 1997 in “Journal of Biological Chemistry”

A genetic mutation in the hHa1 gene creates a smaller, but still functional, hair protein without causing hair problems.

research Formation and Structure of Human Hair

175 citations , January 1995 in “Birkhäuser Basel eBooks”

Human hair growth and structure are influenced by keratin proteins, genes, melanin, and lipids.

research A New Look Into an Old Problem: Keratins as Tools to Investigate Determination, Morphogenesis, and Differentiation in Skin

156 citations , January 1989 in “Genes & Development”

Keratin expression reflects cell organization and differentiation, not causes it.

research Patterns of Expression of Trichocytic and Epithelial Cytokeratins in Mammalian Tissues: Human and Bovine Hair Follicles

248 citations , April 1988 in “Differentiation”

Human and bovine hair follicles have distinct cytokeratins specific to hair-forming cells.

research Keratins of the Human Hair Follicle: Hyperproliferative Keratins Consistently Expressed in Outer Root Sheath Cells In Vivo and In Vitro

135 citations , November 1987 in “Differentiation”

Outer root sheath cells consistently express certain keratins influenced by their environment.

Acidic and Basic Hair/Nail (Hard) Keratins: Their Colocalization in Upper Cortical and Cuticle Cells of the Human Hair Follicle and Their Relationship to Soft Keratins

research Acidic and Basic Hair/Nail (Hard) Keratins: Their Colocalization in Upper Cortical and Cuticle Cells of the Human Hair Follicle and Their Relationship to Soft Keratins

356 citations , December 1986 in “The journal of cell biology/The Journal of cell biology”

Hair and nail cells share similar proteins, indicating a common differentiation pathway.

research The Complement of Native Alpha-Keratin Polypeptides of Hair-Forming Cells: A Subset of Eight Polypeptides That Differ from Epithelial Cytokeratins

198 citations , October 1986 in “Differentiation”

A Novel Type II Cytokeratin, mK6irs, Is Expressed in the Huxley and Henle Layers of the Mouse Inner Root Sheath

Research cited in this study

research Characterization of a 300 Kbp Region of Human DNA Containing the Type II Hair Keratin Gene Domain

research Two Different Mutations in the Same Codon of a Type II Hair Keratin (hHb6) in Patients with Monilethrix

research Identification of Novel Mutations in Basic Hair Keratins hHb1 and hHb6 in Monilethrix: Implications for Protein Structure and Clinical Phenotype

research A Novel Human Type II Cytokeratin, K6hf, Specifically Expressed in the Companion Layer of the Hair Follicle

research Onset of Keratin 17 Expression Coincides with the Definition of Major Epithelial Lineages During Skin Development

research Monilethrix: A Keratin HHb6 Mutation Is Co-Dominant With Variable Expression

research A Splice Site Mutation in the Human Type I Hair Keratin Gene hHa1 Results in the Expression of a Tailless Keratin Isoform

research Isolation and Characterization of Mouse High-Glycine/Tyrosine Proteins

research Mutations in the Hair Cortex Keratin HHB6 Cause the Inherited Hair Disease Monilethrix

research Keratin 17 Gene Expression During the Murine Hair Cycle

research The Role of Keratin Proteins and Their Genes in the Growth, Structure, and Properties of Hair

research Formation and Structure of Human Hair

research Genetic Disorders of Keratin: Are Scarring Alopecias a Sub-Set?

research Solid Basal Cell Epithelioma Possibly Originates From the Outer Root Sheath of the Hair Follicle

research Histochemistry of the Human Hair Follicle with Consideration of Anagen Phases I to VI

research Keratins 1 and 10 as Regular Constituents of Inner Root Sheath and Cuticle Cells in the Human Hair Follicle

research Cyclic Hair Loss and Regrowth in Transgenic Mice Overexpressing an Intermediate Filament Gene

research Expression of Keratin K14 in the Epidermis and Hair Follicle: Insights Into Complex Programs of Differentiation

research A New Look Into an Old Problem: Keratins as Tools to Investigate Determination, Morphogenesis, and Differentiation in Skin

research Patterns of Expression of Trichocytic and Epithelial Cytokeratins in Mammalian Tissues: Human and Bovine Hair Follicles

research Keratins of the Human Hair Follicle: Hyperproliferative Keratins Consistently Expressed in Outer Root Sheath Cells In Vivo and In Vitro

research Acidic and Basic Hair/Nail (Hard) Keratins: Their Colocalization in Upper Cortical and Cuticle Cells of the Human Hair Follicle and Their Relationship to Soft Keratins

research The Complement of Native Alpha-Keratin Polypeptides of Hair-Forming Cells: A Subset of Eight Polypeptides That Differ from Epithelial Cytokeratins