Review and Advances in Trichology

This review highlights recent advancements in clinical trichology, focusing on various types of alopecia. For androgenic alopecia, it discusses new insights into the follicular microenvironment and effective therapies, including low-dose oral minoxidil and 5α-reductase inhibitors like finasteride and dutasteride, along with adjuvant treatments such as mesotherapy and platelet-rich plasma. Updates on telogen and anagen effluvium, including persistent alopecia post-chemotherapy, emphasize preventive and pharmacological strategies. In alopecia areata, the review covers the breakdown of immune privilege, the IFN-γ/JAK-STAT axis, systemic comorbidities, and the use of JAK inhibitors like baricitinib and ritlecitinib. Cicatricial alopecia is addressed by phenotype, detailing treatment options for frontal fibrosing alopecia and lichen planopilaris, and neutrophilic phenotypes like folliculitis decalvans. Pediatric trichology is also discussed, with a focus on age-specific differential diagnosis and cautious use of oral minoxidil.