November 2025 in “Frontiers in Immunology” This review discusses the role of immune cells in the pathogenesis of alopecia areata and highlights emerging immunomodulatory strategies and novel therapeutic targets aimed at offering more effective and durable treatments for this autoimmune hair loss disorder.
January 2025 in “British Journal of Dermatology” This study proposes that the ability of humans to grow long scalp hair is linked to the evolutionary adjustment of molecular checkpoints that regulate the hair growth cycle, potentially influenced by its roles in communicating age, maturity, and social signals.
1 citations
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December 2023 in “Biomolecules” This review highlights the importance of apoptosis in the hair cycle, particularly its role in hair follicle regression and loss, suggesting that understanding its mechanisms can aid in developing treatments to reduce hair loss and promote hair growth.
26 citations
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August 2022 in “Stem Cells Translational Medicine” This review highlights the limitations of mouse models in human hair loss research and emphasizes the potential of using human cell bioengineered models and artificial intelligence for future advancements, but reports no new clinical results.
5 citations
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November 2018 in “Skin appendage disorders” This study found that oral finasteride increased the total number of hairs in men with androgenetic alopecia by 55% over 2.5 years, but did not reduce the number of miniaturized vellus hairs.
11 citations
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June 2017 in “Mathematical Medicine and Biology A Journal of the IMA” This mathematical model of alopecia areata illustrates how inflammatory autoimmune responses interrupt the anagen phase of hair growth, and may help evaluate treatments and identify new therapeutic targets.
47 citations
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October 2016 in “Molecular and Cellular Endocrinology” This study found that DKK1 and WNT10b are paracrine factors that modulate hair follicle stem cell differentiation inhibition, contributing to androgenetic alopecia by affecting Wnt signaling in androgen-sensitive dermal papilla cells after dihydrotestosterone stimulation.
6 citations
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June 2015 in “Journal of theoretical biology” This study suggests that immune privilege guardians and the pro-inflammatory cytokine interferon-γ significantly influence the dynamics of alopecia areata, supporting the hypothesis that immune privilege collapse is crucial in its development.
12 citations
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November 2014 in “PLOS Computational Biology” In this study, researchers found that synchronization between expanding epithelial cells and background mesenchymal cells in the mouse hair cycle may be maintained by inhibitory regulation, with potential mediators of this regulation identified.
92 citations
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September 2013 in “Journal of Investigative Dermatology” This study found that peripheral clock genes, particularly BMAL1 and Period1, modulate human hair follicle cycling, suggesting their potential as therapeutic targets for affecting hair growth.
421 citations
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April 2012 in “The New England Journal of Medicine” Alopecia Areata is an autoimmune condition causing hair loss with no cure and treatments that often don't work well.
95 citations
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January 2012 in “British Journal of Dermatology” This study found that androgens inhibit hair follicle stem cell differentiation by disrupting the Wnt signalling pathway in dermal papilla cells, but Wnt activation can restore differentiation.
45 citations
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January 2012 in “Experimental Dermatology” This study reveals that human hair follicles transition between active and dormant states stochastically, challenging the idea of a cyclical automaton controlling hair growth.
176 citations
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April 2011 in “Science” This study found that in a population of hair follicles, regenerative cycling stages are regulated by both intrinsic and extrinsic signals, with WNT/BMP signaling mediating interactions among follicles for adaptability.
122 citations
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November 2010 in “Journal of Dermatological Science” This study found that increased expression of type II 5α-reductase, androgen receptors, and Hic-5/ARA55 in dermal papilla cells upregulates androgen sensitivity, playing a key role in androgenetic alopecia pathogenesis.
10 citations
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January 2010 in “Acta Histochemica Et Cytochemica” This study found that patients with alopecia areata and androgenetic alopecia showed increased c-kit expression and decreased Ki-67 expression in hair follicle cells compared to controls, suggesting a possible feedback mechanism involving stem cell factor signaling.
759 citations
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February 2009 in “Current Biology” This review summarizes fundamental concepts and recent advancements in hair follicle biology, including insights from mouse models into broader molecular and cellular processes relevant to regeneration and development.
19 citations
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August 2008 in “Journal of The European Academy of Dermatology and Venereology” In this study, researchers observed that in advanced androgenetic alopecia, increased DNA damage in the frontal bald area may lead to cell apoptosis due to impaired repair capacity.
August 2006 in “Experimental dermatology” This study suggests that human scalp hair follicles express erythropoietin and its receptor, up-regulating receptor expression under hypoxic conditions, and may mimic another hypothalamus–pituitary axis equivalent involving the TRH-TSH system.
229 citations
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August 2002 in “Experimental Gerontology” This paper discusses key mechanisms of androgen metabolism in androgenetic alopecia and reports the effectiveness of treatments like oral finasteride and topical minoxidil, highlighting the limited success rate due to factors like follicular inflammation.
22 citations
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February 2002 in “Journal of theoretical biology” This study found that a stochastic follicular automaton model replicates hair follicle cycle fluctuations, with deterministic simulations aligning with steady-state levels as follicle numbers increase.
34 citations
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March 2001 in “Cleveland Clinic Journal of Medicine” This article reviews the triggers, diagnosis, and management of telogen effluvium in men and women, emphasizing the role of patient education and reassurance, but presents no new clinical findings.
67 citations
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July 2000 in “Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences” This study developed a follicular automaton model that simulates human hair cycle dynamics and can replicate hair pattern changes associated with diffuse or androgenetic alopecia.
