23 citations,
October 2006 in “Journal of Dermatological Science” Ethosomal minoxidil improves hair growth by penetrating deeper into skin and shortening hair cycle.
151 citations,
July 2011 in “Archives of Dermatological Research” Liposomal systems show promise for delivering drugs through the skin but face challenges like high costs and stability issues.
6 citations,
January 2020 in “Skin Pharmacology and Physiology” HIF-1α stimulators, like deferiprone, work as well as popular hair loss treatments, minoxidil and caffeine, in promoting hair growth.
204 citations,
May 2014 in “The Journal of Sexual Medicine” Hormone therapy for trans individuals is effective and generally safe in the short term.
9 citations,
July 2022 in “Cell reports” Sox2 controls hair color by affecting pigment production in hair follicles.
1 citations,
December 2022 in “Pharmaceutics” Finasteride-loaded microemulsions can effectively enhance skin delivery for treating hair loss.
32 citations,
January 2018 in “American Journal of Clinical Dermatology” Hormone therapy affects hair growth in transgender individuals, with testosterone potentially causing hair loss in trans men and estrogen reducing facial/body hair in trans women; treatment options vary.
30 citations,
December 2014 in “Toxicological Research” Peppermint oil can effectively promote hair growth without being toxic.
6 citations,
July 2009 in “Biomolecules & therapeutics” Combining MSM with MAP significantly promotes hair growth.
180 citations,
January 2003 in “American Journal of Clinical Dermatology” Menopause can lead to skin and hair problems due to hormonal changes, but hormone replacement therapy might help slow these effects.
15 citations,
October 2021 in “Frontiers in Pharmacology” Natural volatiles and essential oils have health benefits and can enhance the effects of some medicines, but more research is needed to understand how they work and their possible side effects.
55 citations,
January 2016 in “Annals of Dermatology” Microneedle stimulation can increase hair growth in mice.
51 citations,
May 2010 in “Journal of Drug Targeting” Transcutol-containing vesicles improve minoxidil's skin penetration and hair growth promotion.
264 citations,
January 2008 in “Journal of biomedical optics” Zinc oxide nanoparticles in sunscreen do not penetrate deep into the skin.
202 citations,
June 2005 in “Aaps Pharmscitech” Lecithin organogels could be good for applying drugs to the skin because they are stable, safe, and can improve drug absorption.
130 citations,
August 2020 in “Drug Design Development and Therapy” Nanoparticles can improve skin drug delivery but have challenges like toxicity and stability that need more research.
128 citations,
July 2009 in “International Journal of Pharmaceutics” PEVs improve minoxidil skin penetration, increasing hair growth.
39 citations,
February 2014 in “European journal of pharmaceutics and biopharmaceutics” Massage increases how deep both rigid and flexible liposomes can go into skin, with flexible ones going deeper, and covering the skin (occlusion) helps rigid ones more.
38 citations,
February 2005 in “The journal of sexual medicine” The testosterone patch and gel are both effective, but they have different absorption patterns and effects on hormone levels.
36 citations,
March 2014 in “Biomaterials” A new skin-whitening agent using a peptide from wheat is safe and effective at reducing skin pigmentation.
34 citations,
July 2010 in “Expert Opinion on Drug Delivery” The document concludes that there is no agreed-upon best method for measuring drug delivery within hair follicles and more research is needed to validate current techniques.
26 citations,
May 2012 in “Pharmaceutical Development and Technology” PEVs effectively deliver minoxidil through skin.
19 citations,
May 2016 in “Clinical, cosmetic and investigational dermatology” FGF-2&D/P nanoparticles can help treat hair loss.
7 citations,
May 2012 in “International Journal of Andrology” The new oral testosterone pill normalized testosterone levels and lowered SHBG in men with low testosterone.
5 citations,
September 2012 in “Springer eBooks” Nanoparticles can be used to deliver drugs to hair follicles, potentially improving treatments for conditions like acne and alopecia, and could also be used for vaccine delivery and gene therapy.
2 citations,
January 2018 in “Elsevier eBooks” Lipid nanoparticles improve drug delivery through the skin, offering stability, controlled release, and better compatibility with skin.
1 citations,
September 2003 in “The Journal of the American Animal Hospital Association/Journal of the American Animal Hospital Association” Transdermal fluoxetine is less effective in cats, clomipramine may help with feline alopecia, younger dogs often start fights, dietary changes can reduce cribbing in horses, negative aggression tests in shelter dogs predict good behavior, many older cats show cognitive issues, and fluoxetine or paroxetine can improve canine anxiety.
January 2024 in “RSC pharmaceutics” Removing the outer skin layer increases drug absorption and offers non-invasive treatment options, with some methods allowing for quick skin recovery.
The skin is a complex barrier for drug penetration, but understanding its structure and interactions can improve drug delivery methods.
162 citations,
August 2002 in “Survey of Ophthalmology” Latanoprost can make eyelashes longer, thicker, and darker.