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This review discusses the potential of nanocarriers to enhance transdermal drug delivery and the combination of these carriers with physical methods, but it reports no new experimental results.

The research observed that 40-nm self-assembled nanoparticles enhanced minoxidil penetration in hairy guinea pig skin compared to 130-nm nanoparticles, but this size effect was absent in hairless skin.

This review discusses the capabilities of ethosomes as drug delivery carriers and reports improved outcomes in a clinical study with an ethosomal acyclovir formulation.

In this study, researchers found that in hairy guinea pig skin, minoxidil delivered via 40-nm nanoparticles had higher skin penetration than 130-nm nanoparticles, indicating nanoparticle size affects permeation.

This review discusses various nanoparticles and nanoemulsions being investigated for transdermal drug delivery and reports no clinical results; it highlights potential applications in treating alopecia, wound healing, psoriasis, and melanoma.

This review discusses various strategies to enhance drug delivery through the skin barrier, highlighting liposomes as promising carriers for increased dermal concentrations in topical therapies, but reports no new research results.

This review compares animal and human skin characteristics in in vitro permeation studies but reports no new results, highlighting variations and the need for better model correlations.

This study found that the pH-sensitive hydrogel HECHA13, containing isoliquiritigenin, effectively inhibited the growth of Propionibacterium acnes and showed promise for transdermal delivery in acne treatment.

Dihydrotestosterone gel improved well-being and sexual function in older men without negatively affecting prostate health.

In this study, ethosomes were found to improve the skin penetration of a model lipophilic drug more effectively than liposomes or hydroethanolic solutions, suggesting a unique mechanism involving the breakdown of vesicles in the skin.

This study found that nanoemulsions of different sizes vary in their ability to penetrate skin layers, with smaller sizes aiding transdermal delivery and potential applications in transcutaneous immunization.

This review explores how microneedles can improve the delivery of dermatological treatments by bypassing the skin's outer barrier, discussing their potential use in managing skin diseases, cosmetic applications, and challenges related to clinical adoption.

This review highlights how advanced nanocarrier and microneedle-based transdermal drug delivery strategies can potentially improve the treatment of skin diseases by enhancing site-specific drug delivery, increasing skin penetration, and reducing systemic toxicity compared to conventional methods.

In this study, researchers found that chitosan-coated PLGA nanoparticles improved the iontophoretic transdermal delivery of the positively charged hydrophilic drug donepezil hydrochloride in an ex vivo rat skin model, achieving 2.2 times higher skin accumulation compared to non-coated nanoparticles.

In this study, lecithin/n-propanol/isopropyl myristate/water/tetracaine hydrochloride microemulsion was found to be a safe carrier for transdermal drug delivery in animal models, with analgesic effects on Wistar rats.

This study reviews recent advancements in microneedles made from PLGA, highlighting their use in delivering vaccines, drugs, and proteins through the skin with minimal invasiveness, and discusses the challenges and future potential of these delivery systems.

This review highlights the potential of permeation enhancers to improve the delivery of active ingredients across the skin, optimizing therapeutic outcomes despite challenges posed by individual variability and environmental factors, according to the authors' analysis of current understanding and applications in skincare and transdermal therapies.

This review discusses transdermal drug delivery using hydrogel-forming microneedles and highlights their potential for disease treatment, but notes challenges in their clinical application.

In this study, researchers introduced calcium carbonate-based carriers for transdermal drug delivery, observing efficient transport of substances and systemic absorption in rats, suggesting potential applications in regenerative medicine and dermatology beyond conventional topical treatments.

This review summarizes the use of 3D printing technologies for creating microneedles and evaluates their associated benefits, challenges, and regulatory considerations, but does not present new experimental results.

This review discusses advancements in the use of microneedle arrays and nanoparticles for transdermal delivery of therapeutics, noting challenges in overcoming the skin barrier and summarizing recent clinical trial achievements in areas like cancer therapy and gene therapy.

This review discusses the development and applications of microneedles, particularly through 3D printing, highlighting their potential in transdermal drug delivery but reporting no new results.

This study found that 50-nm PLGA nanoparticles delivered with iontophoresis enhanced skin permeation of indomethacin in rats more effectively than 100-nm nanoparticles, suggesting improved targeting of hair follicles.

The researchers developed semi-dissolving microneedle patches using TEMPO-oxidized bacterial cellulose nanofibers, which allow effective transdermal drug delivery by forming micro-channels for large drug quantities, overcoming traditional microneedles' low drug loading.

In this study, a new formulation of all-trans retinoic acid bound to polyvinyl alcohol showed reduced skin inflammation and sustained drug release for up to six days compared to free ATRA in vitro and in vivo.

This study found that the 11R-No. 10 peptide, delivered transdermally, significantly inhibited melanogenesis and produced a whitening effect in a UV-induced sun-tanning guinea pig model without cytotoxicity.

This study presented a new two-dimensional model that successfully predicts transdermal permeation of caffeine, highlighting the significant role of the follicular pathway in increasing systemic bioavailability.

This study found that ion-paired solutions significantly improved the skin penetration of risedronate in hairless mice compared to risedronate alone.

This article explains the preparation methods and applications for various vesicle and particle systems used in transdermal drug delivery, highlighting their effectiveness and potential for further development in this field.

In this study, researchers developed a new self-administered finasteride delivery system using powder-carrying microneedles that improved hair growth efficacy and addressed safety concerns compared to topical finasteride gel by allowing sustained intradermal release of the drug for three days with a single application.