Over the past decade, transdermal drug delivery gained interest due to benefits like avoiding first-pass metabolism, enhancing drug bioavailability, and ease of administration. Various vesicle systems (ethosomes, liposomes, niosomes, transferosomes) and particle systems (lipid nanoparticles, polymeric nanoparticles, carbon nanotubes, fullerenes) were developed using methods such as cold injection, rotary film evaporation, and high shear homogenization. These systems proved to be effective and feasible for transdermal delivery, with potential for further development to expand their applications. The article detailed the preparation methods and applications of these systems.
24 citations
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October 2019 in “Biomaterials Research” Minoxidil in HA-PLGA nanoparticles effectively treats alopecia through skin delivery.
151 citations
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November 2018 in “International Journal of Pharmaceutics” Nanoparticles improve drug delivery through the skin but more research is needed on their long-term effects and skin penetration challenges.
1 citations
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October 2018 in “InTech eBooks” Ethosomes are a promising method for treating hair loss by delivering drugs directly to the scalp.
28 citations
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March 2014 in “International Journal of Nanomedicine” New lipid nanoparticles show promise for delivering hair loss treatments but need improvement for better skin penetration.
222 citations
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January 2003 in “Critical Reviews in Therapeutic Drug Carrier Systems” Ethosomes can safely and effectively deliver various drugs deep into the skin.
151 citations
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July 2011 in “Archives of Dermatological Research” Liposomal systems show promise for delivering drugs through the skin but face challenges like high costs and stability issues.
15 citations
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October 2012 in “InTech eBooks” Niosomes are a promising and effective way to deliver drugs through the skin.
130 citations
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August 2020 in “Drug Design Development and Therapy” Nanoparticles can improve skin drug delivery but have challenges like toxicity and stability that need more research.
22 citations
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March 2020 in “Cosmetics” Nanotechnology improves minoxidil treatment for hair loss.
30 citations
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November 2015 in “Advanced Pharmaceutical Bulletin” Nanoethosomes can improve the skin penetration of Lidocaine for topical use.
