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This review discusses the causes and recommended clinical investigations for postmenopausal hyperandrogenism, highlighting the role of androgen excess in symptoms like hirsutism and its association with metabolic disorders.

This review concludes that antiandrogens with ovarian suppression may significantly improve hirsutism and androgenetic alopecia in women with PCOS, but treatment needs to continue unless the underlying PCOS cause is addressed.

This study found that spinach-derived thylakoid supplementation, combined with a calorie-restricted diet, led to more significant improvements in weight loss and insulin sensitivity in obese women with PCOS than calorie restriction alone.

This case study reported a 34-year-old woman presenting with secondary amenorrhea, hirsutism, and obesity showed elevated testosterone and anti-Müllerian hormone levels, leading to the exclusion of nonclassical congenital adrenal hyperplasia as a diagnosis.

This case report describes a 16-year-old girl with HAIR-AN syndrome requiring a multidisciplinary approach, including lifestyle changes and hormonal treatments, to manage symptoms and prevent systemic effects.

In this study on testosterone-induced benign prostatic hyperplasia in rats, hydroxychloroquine significantly reduced prostate-related markers and enhanced therapeutic effects when combined with finasteride, suggesting potential as a new treatment approach.

This review discusses the role of steroid 5 alpha reductase 2 in converting testosterone to DHT and its association with conditions like benign prostatic hyperplasia and prostate cancer; it reports no new results.

This study found that in women with PCOS, suppressive therapy using spironolactone plus oral contraceptives improved hirsutism more effectively than either treatment alone, with initial scores predicting success.

This study found that Rab27a and Rab27b play opposite roles in hair growth, with Rab27a knockdown suppressing and Rab27b knockdown promoting hair growth in models.

This study found that bee venom promoted hair growth in mice and inhibited a key enzyme involved in testosterone conversion, suggesting its potential as a 5α-reductase inhibitor and hair growth promoter.

This study found that individuals with early onset extensive androgenetic alopecia have an elevated ratio of DHT to testosterone, but no significant genetic linkage to markers on chromosomes 2 or 5 was detected.

In this study, red ginseng extract and its ginsenosides enhanced human hair follicle cell proliferation and countered dihydrotestosterone-induced suppression, suggesting potential to promote hair growth.

In this study, polycystic ovary syndrome was the most prevalent cause of androgen excess, and suppressive hormonal therapy improved hirsutism, menstrual dysfunction, and acne in most patients, though side effects were common.

This review discusses spironolactone's new roles in tumor immunosurveillance, DNA repair inhibition, and viral infection suppression, highlighting its potential to extend uses beyond traditional applications, but reports no clinical results.

This study found that trans-3,4'-Dimethyl-3-hydroxyflavanone reduces active TGF-beta2 levels in human keratinocytes, suggesting it may enhance hair growth by suppressing the TGF-beta2 activation pathway.

This study found that delmadinone acetate and finasteride caused a reversible suppression of prostate gland activity in male dogs, with delmadinone acetate also temporarily altering epididymal sperm maturation.

This study found that estrogen can cause reversible suppression of the hair cycle by inducing premature catagen and maintaining the telogen phase without damaging the hair follicle stem cell niche or the signature gene expressions of dermal papilla cells.

This study found that total testosterone and free testosterone are recommended as first-line tests for diagnosing biochemical hyperandrogenism in women with PCOS; liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry is preferred for its accuracy.

This research observed that 5α-reductase inhibitors showed significant tic-suppressing effects in Tourette's syndrome, suggesting a key role for this enzyme in the disorder's pathogenesis.

This review discusses how androgens, commonly known for male reproductive roles, also influence the physiology and pathology of the human endometrium, though their exact roles in this tissue remain controversial and not fully understood.

This study demonstrated that an ethanol extract of Connarus semidecandrus Jack showed potential anti-androgenic alopecia effects in a testosterone-induced model, suggesting a possible treatment option for hair loss.

In AGA animal models, this study found that finasteride-loaded microspheres provided rapid and sustained dihydrotestosterone suppression, promoting hair regrowth through dual-phase drug release.

This review discusses various anti-androgen treatments for hirsutism, including androgen receptor blockers and inhibitors, and emphasizes the role of diagnosis in selecting the most appropriate therapy, but reports no new clinical results.

Finasteride treats enlarged prostate and baldness, but may cause limited urinary improvement and sex-related side effects.

This review discusses the pathophysiology, diagnosis, and management of functional hypothalamic amenorrhea in adolescent girls and reports no new clinical results.

This review discusses the causes and management of hirsutism and suggests improvement can be achieved with a combination of hair removal, suppression of androgen production, and lifestyle changes over 6 to 9 months.

In this study, miR-221 was identified as a key factor in androgenetic alopecia pathogenesis due to its role in suppressing hair growth by interacting with androgen receptors and affecting related pathways.

This study suggests that Silybum marianum flower extract may promote hair growth and reduce hair loss by increasing proliferation and VEGF production in dermal papilla cells and suppressing cell senescence.

This study found that millet seed oil effectively promoted hair growth in a mouse model with testosterone-induced hair growth inhibition, suggesting its potential use in preventing or treating androgenetic alopecia.

This study found that in male Wistar rats, finasteride administration reduced neural cellular activity markers and 5-alpha reductase type 2 expression in brain tissue, with some recovery occurring after drug withdrawal, unlike persistent 5-alpha reductase type 2 suppression.