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This study reported that derivatization with 5-butylpicolinic acid improved the sensitivity for detecting testosterone and DHT in saliva using LC-ESI-MS/MS, with minimal interference from the saliva matrix.

This study found that KH053, combining Panax ginseng and bee-pollen, significantly reduced prostate weight and DHT levels, inhibiting BPH development in a rat model.

In this study, exposure to the drug finasteride in Silurana tropicalis significantly increased testosterone levels in liver and testis tissues and altered gene expression related to male reproduction and oxidative stress.

5α-Reductase helps regulate hormone action in toad testes, especially during breeding season.

This review discusses the impact of testosterone therapy on postmenopausal women's sexual function and well-being but notes a lack of long-term safety studies and debates on defining androgen insufficiency.

This study found that an oral testosterone formulation normalized serum testosterone levels and significantly reduced SHBG in men with experimentally induced hypogonadism after nine days of treatment, suggesting potential efficacy for testosterone deficiency.

This review highlights the connection between sex hormones and metabolic dysfunction, emphasizing how conditions like male hypogonadism and female hyperandrogenism can increase the risk and severity of hepatic steatosis, which often progresses alongside metabolic syndrome and elevates mortality risks.

This study found that sex hormones, specifically non-aromatizable androgens like DHT and A/T, significantly increase inflammatory cytokine expression in human adipocytes when stimulated by LPS.

This case series observed that ovarian hyperthecosis can manifest with hyperandrogenism and insulin resistance in postmenopausal women, even when serum testosterone levels are below diagnostic thresholds, suggesting potential gaps in current diagnostic criteria.

This study demonstrated that testosterone treatment increases muscle strength and alters body composition in transmen, and the addition of dutasteride does not impair these anabolic effects.

This case report describes a testosterone- and cortisol-secreting adrenocortical oncocytoma causing hirsutism in a 23-year-old woman, highlighting adrenal oncocytomas as an important consideration for differential diagnosis.

This review examines existing research on transdermal testosterone for treating hypoactive sexual desire disorder, suggesting it improves female sexual function with minimal side effects but highlights the need for more long-term safety data.

In this study, five-year testosterone replacement therapy improved fasting blood sugar, HbA1c, and triglyceride levels in Japanese hypogonadal men without significantly affecting prostate-specific antigen levels.

This study found that honokiol inhibits enzymes related to testosterone degradation in vitro, suggesting its potential as a lead compound for developing antiaging bioactive ingredients for men.

In a clinical trial, this study found that a modified slow-release oral testosterone formulation improved pharmacokinetics, delaying serum testosterone peaks and reducing serum DHT compared to immediate-release formulations, especially when combined with finasteride.

This study found that Caesalpinia bonduc seed extracts significantly reduced prostate weight and improved prostate tissue morphology in Wistar rats with testosterone-induced benign prostatic hyperplasia.

This study found that triglycerides, testosterone, and SHBG levels were associated with hyperandrogenism in women with PCOS, while FGS was not linked to this condition.

This study found that testosterone significantly influenced the expression and function of certain ion transporters in the vas deferens, impacting fluid secretion and contributing to a suitable environment for male fertility.

This study found that the risk of urinary stone disease increased significantly in patients with severe androgenetic alopecia, and that testosterone deficiency was more frequent among these patients.

This case report describes the first instance of facial and oral mucosal hyperpigmentation and acanthosis nigricans linked to testosterone therapy in a patient with idiopathic hypogonadotropic hypogonadism.

This study found that serum testosterone levels significantly increased during major head and neck surgeries in maxillofacial surgeons, influenced by factors like tumor size and procedural complexity.

This study found that women with acne and oligomenorrhea have higher levels of biologically active testosterone compared to those with acne and normal menstrual cycles.

This study found that spironolactone reduced androgenic hormones in hirsute women but had only marginal effects on hair growth, making it no more advisable than other therapies.

This study found that testosterone therapy can enhance sexual satisfaction and mood in surgically menopausal women on oestrogen, though ongoing monitoring and research are needed to assess long-term safety and effects in other groups.

In this systematic review, an increase in hemoglobin and hematocrit was associated with testosterone therapy, especially within the first year, and factors like serum testosterone levels and therapy specifics were linked to erythrocytosis development, highlighting the need for further research to guide clinical practice.

In this study, children with 5-alpha-reductase deficiency and micropenis treated with oral testosterone undecanoate showed increased penile length to a target level after 3-9 months, with no severe adverse effects observed, suggesting the treatment's safety and efficacy.

This study found that administering testosterone to pregnant rats altered connexin 26 and connexin 43 expression in the uterus, which could disrupt embryo implantation and cause early pregnancy loss.

This study found that testosterone administration reduced the expression of uterine receptivity molecules in ovariectomized rats, which may negatively affect early pregnancy establishment and female fertility.

In this review and meta-analysis, the authors concluded that 5α-reductase inhibitor therapy is not consistently associated with significant increases in serum testosterone levels in men.

This study discusses how testosterone exerts its effects directly or through conversion to metabolites, DHT and estradiol 17β, each influencing different physiological processes, noting that DHT conversion is necessary for certain effects but not for muscle, bone, or erythropoiesis impacts.