66 citations
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March 2018 in “British journal of dermatology/British journal of dermatology, Supplement” This article reviews the role of perifollicular regulatory T cells in maintaining hair follicle integrity in the context of hidradenitis suppurativa and calls attention to inflammatory mechanisms without reporting new clinical results.
62 citations
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June 2015 in “The Journal of Dermatology” This study found that patients with alopecia areata had higher levels of Th17 cells and lower levels of regulatory T cells compared to healthy controls, suggesting an immune imbalance in these patients.
September 2023 in “Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology” Increased Treg cells and IL-10 may help quick recovery in acute diffuse and total alopecia.
January 2023 in “Annals of dermatology/Annals of Dermatology” This study found that overexpression of miR-1246 in peripheral CD4+ T cells can reduce markers associated with inflammation and T cell activation in severe active alopecia areata, suggesting potential therapeutic benefits.
1 citations
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May 2025 in “The Journal of Dermatology” In this study, increased Treg cell activity indicated by IL-10 and IL-15 was identified as a feature of ADTA, distinguishing it from AA and potentially explaining ADTA's more favorable prognosis.
January 2014 in “Journal of Jilin University” This study found that Th22 cells and their cytokine IL-22 may play an important role in the pathogenesis of systemic lupus erythematosus and could serve as bioindicators for monitoring disease severity.
32 citations
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January 2012 in “Clinical & Developmental Immunology” In this study, rheumatoid arthritis patients showed no changes in the number of circulating follicular helper T cells, but these cells had increased CD200 expression, implicating them in disease pathogenesis and suggesting CD200/CD200R as a potential therapeutic target.
May 2023 in “Frontiers in Immunology” This article discusses the role of regulatory T cells in alopecia areata, where their deficiency in hair follicles may lead to impaired local immunity and suggests potential therapies like CAR-T reg cells and low-dose IL-2 to alleviate autoimmunity and promote hair regeneration in affected individuals.
273 citations
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July 2020 in “British Journal of Dermatology” This review discusses recent insights into the role of regulatory T cells in psoriasis and the impact of current treatments on their function, but reports no new research findings.
34 citations
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June 2020 in “British journal of dermatology/British journal of dermatology, Supplement” In this study, researchers observed that follicular damage and stem cell loss in frontal fibrosing alopecia may be mediated by immune attacks at the bulge region, suggesting potential for JAK/STAT-targeting treatments to prevent progression.
1 citations
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May 2023 in “The Journal of Immunology” In this animal study, researchers discovered that CD4 T cells from mice with alopecia areata can induce the disease more efficiently than those from unaffected mice, likely by supporting CD8 T cell activation and hair follicle attack.
2 citations
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April 2025 in “Journal of Investigative Dermatology” T cells affect skin cell genes in inflammatory diseases, and therapy can normalize these changes.
September 1997 in “Journal of the European Academy of Dermatology and Venereology” People with acne have more CD4+ immune cells in their skin than healthy people.
July 2024 in “Journal of Investigative Dermatology” Brepocitinib improves cicatricial alopecia and reduces key immune markers.
16 citations
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April 2024 in “Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences” This study found that selectively targeting HDAC4 and HDAC7 in mice can reduce Th17 cell-mediated intestinal inflammation, suggesting a potential treatment approach for Th17-related inflammatory diseases like ulcerative colitis.
24 citations
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September 2011 in “Autoimmunity” This review discusses the role of natural killer cells in the pathogenesis of blistering diseases and proposes further research on their interaction with the skin, reporting no new clinical results.
January 2024 in “bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory)” In this study, the researchers found that deleting ceramide synthase 4 in the skin's epidermis alters stem cell differentiation, disrupting hair follicle structure and barrier function, potentially leading to immune responses similar to atopic dermatitis.
April 2023 in “Journal of Investigative Dermatology” This study reports that CD200R expression is significantly reduced in a mouse model of scarring alopecia, suggesting a potential role for this pathway in immune regulation and hair follicle protection.
This study found that chronic UVR exposure in mice and humans leads to a permanent loss of papillary fibroblasts in the upper dermis, which is associated with changes in the extracellular matrix.
71 citations
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May 2019 in “Rheumatology” This study observed that PD-1+CXCR5-CD4+T peripheral helper cells are significantly elevated in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus and are correlated with disease activity indicators, suggesting their potential role in lupus pathogenesis.
November 2025 in “The Journal of Immunology” In a murine model of alopecia areata, this study observed that the IL-2 fusion protein HCW9302 helped prevent disease development by expanding regulatory T cells and reducing disease-causing effector T cell infiltrates, suggesting potential for using IL-2 fusion proteins in alopecia areata treatment.
332 citations
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June 1994 in “Archives of Dermatology” This study found that progressive frontal hairline recession in postmenopausal women may exhibit features similar to fibrosing alopecia, with histologic similarities to lichen planopilaris but lacking lesions of lichen planus.
325 citations
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June 1994 in “Archives of Dermatology” This study observed that progressive frontal recession in postmenopausal women may exhibit features of fibrosing alopecia, suggesting a distinct reaction pattern from typical lichen planopilaris.
59 citations
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June 2023 in “Nature Aging” This study observed that in aged mouse skin, there was an increase in IL-17-expressing T helper cells, γδ T cells, and innate lymphoid cells, and blocking IL-17 signaling reduced skin inflammation and delayed age-related changes, suggesting it as a potential target to mitigate skin aging.
23 citations
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February 2015 in “The American journal of pathology” This study found that the absence of sebaceous glands may be an early factor in the development of keratosis pilaris, leading to hair shaft and skin barrier abnormalities, independent of filaggrin mutations.
8 citations
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October 1988 in “Clinics in Dermatology” This review discusses the evolution of scientific understanding and treatment approaches for androgenetic alopecia, from androgen metabolism to the potential of biologic response modifiers, reporting no new clinical findings.
7 citations
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November 2007 in “Annales de Dermatologie et de Vénéréologie” A man was diagnosed with a rare form of lupus after showing unique skin symptoms that responded well to treatment.
3 citations
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October 2020 in “The journal of investigative dermatology. Symposium proceedings/The Journal of investigative dermatology symposium proceedings” This research discusses the complex immune pathogenesis of alopecia areata and highlights the success of Jak inhibitors and IL-4Rα antagonists, while IL-17A and PDE4 inhibitors showed limited efficacy; controlled trials are advocated to better understand cytokine involvement.
34 citations
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November 2022 in “Clinical and Experimental Dermatology” This study found that individuals with AA have a higher incidence of atopic and autoimmune conditions, suggesting both Th1 and Th2 immune responses may play a role in its development.
February 2024 in “Advanced Functional Materials” This study reported that a newly developed hydrogel patch, designed to recruit regulatory T cells through ROS-triggered release of CCL22, improved wound healing and hair follicle regeneration in a diabetic mouse model by scavenging ROS, thereby protecting Tregs and suppressing Th17 cells.