October 2023 in “FASEB bioAdvances” This study investigated the effects of Akkermansia muciniphila on testosterone-induced hair growth inhibition in mice, finding that both live and pasteurized forms significantly encouraged hair growth and increased hair follicle size and growth factor levels compared to testosterone treatment alone.
22 citations
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September 1994 in “The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism” This study found that three months of oral finasteride treatment significantly decreased dihydrotestosterone levels and hair growth in hirsute women without negatively affecting gonadotropin secretion.
January 2025 in “International Journal of Pharmacology” This study observed significant clinical effects, such as hair loss and testicular changes, in common quail treated with the steroids IVF-C Inj and Diane-35, especially highlighting cyproterone acetate's impact on vital organs like the liver.
1 citations
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May 2021 in “Problemy e̊ndokrinologii” This study found that in men, elevated androgen levels can occur at any age, with older men potentially exhibiting increased total testosterone due to higher levels of SHBG, and younger men showing various clinical manifestations like acne and alopecia.
January 2010 in “Journal of Oriental Medicine” This study found that Phellodendri Cortex Ex may reduce prostate tissue damage and inhibit $5{\alpha}$-reductase gene expression in a rat model of benign prostatic hyperplasia, suggesting potential therapeutic benefits.
May 2024 in “The journal of sexual medicine” This study on adult male rats found that finasteride treatment led to molecular changes linked to erectile dysfunction, while withdrawal from the drug did not alter these parameters.
January 2005 in “Journal of Investigative Medicine” This study found that testosterone therapy improved physical performance, strength, lean body mass, and serum cholesterol in older men with low testosterone levels, with or without the addition of finasteride.
1 citations
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April 2021 in “Journal of Cardiovascular Pharmacology” This study found that castration in male rats reduced cardiovascular and inflammatory impacts of endotoxemia, and these effects were influenced by testosterone biosynthesis pathways.
April 2020 in “Archivos españoles de urología” This study found that administering dutasteride did not change spermatogenesis or oxidative stress levels in rat testes, though further research is needed to confirm these findings.
March 2010 in “The Journal of Urology” This study found that men with early-onset androgenetic alopecia had larger prostate volumes and lower urinary flow rates compared to those without the condition, suggesting a potential link between AGA and urinary symptoms.
April 2025 in “Al-Rafidain Journal of Medical Sciences ( ISSN 2789-3219 )” In this study, researchers observed that Cuscuta reflexa extract mitigated inflammation and oxidative stress in testosterone-induced benign prostatic hypertrophy in Wistar rats, suggesting its potential as an adjunctive therapy for BPH.
August 2010 in “한국한의학연구원 논문집” In this animal study, Phellodendri Cortex extract reduced prostate tissue damage and inhibited 5α-reductase gene expression in rats with experimentally induced benign prostatic hyperplasia.
May 2023 in “Frontiers in Endocrinology” This study found that tildacerfont treatment in males with congenital adrenal hyperplasia reduced androgen levels and improved markers of testicular function, suggesting potential benefits for male reproductive health.
January 2024 in “INSTITUTIONAL REPOSITORY OF ODESSA NATIONAL UNIVERSITY NAMED I.I. Mechnykova (Odesa I.I.Mechnikov National University)” This article discusses the causes and consequences of hyperestrogenism in men of reproductive age and emphasizes the need for proper hormonal testing and treatment, reporting no new clinical findings.
15 citations
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March 2014 in “Molecular Medicine Reports” This study found that α-spinasterol treatment significantly reduced testosterone propionate-induced prostatic hyperplasia in rats, suggesting potential benefits for managing benign prostatic hyperplasia.
11 citations
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October 1994 in “The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism” Finasteride increases hair growth, prolongs hair cycle, and lowers dihydrotestosterone levels.
13 citations
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July 2018 in “General and comparative endocrinology” This study observed that direct exposure to androgens in Western clawed frogs differentially affects thyroid receptor and deiodinase gene expression in male and female tissues, offering insight into sex-specific metabolic pathway activation.
May 2017 in “Urology and andrology” Finasteride and dutasteride, used for prostate issues and hair loss, can cause side effects like sexual dysfunction and mental issues, which may continue even after stopping the medication, a condition called post-finasteride syndrome, for which there's currently no cure.
23 citations
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December 1991 in “Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences” This study reported that human balding scalp grafted onto nude mice showed reduced linear growth rates of both vellus and terminal hairs.
11 citations
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January 2016 in “The Journal of Sexual Medicine” This study found that young women with nonclassic congenital adrenal hyperplasia had impaired sexual function and mild depressive symptoms compared to healthy women.
In this randomized, controlled trial, the researchers observed that sub-lingual minoxidil at doses of 1.35 mg and 4.05 mg, but not 0.45 mg, significantly increased hair fibre diameter in men with male androgenetic alopecia over 24 weeks, suggesting a dose-dependent reversal of follicle miniaturization.
9 citations
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January 1997 in “Endocrine Journal” This study found a significant association between patients' sex of rearing and external genitalia in those with gonadal dysgenesis, while noting lower testosterone levels compared to controls.
5 citations
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December 2021 in “Pediatric investigation” In this study, children with 5-alpha-reductase deficiency and micropenis treated with oral testosterone undecanoate showed increased penile length to a target level after 3-9 months, with no severe adverse effects observed, suggesting the treatment's safety and efficacy.
6 citations
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January 2016 in “International Journal of Trichology” This study found a positive correlation between androgenetic alopecia severity and enlarged prostate size, with more severe cases showing a higher likelihood of prostate enlargement.
This study found that while finasteride effectively improves hair growth in male androgenetic alopecia, it may affect fertility at higher doses, and the evidence on its long-term sexual side effects is inconsistent and requires more rigorous research.
June 2026 in “HAL (Le Centre pour la Communication Scientifique Directe)” This article presents the SH-1 molecule as a novel AR antagonist for androgenetic alopecia treatment, highlighting its tissue-specific action and potential for commercialization, but provides no new clinical results.
April 2026 in “Signal Transduction and Targeted Therapy” In a hamster model of COVID-19, this study observed that both low and high doses of testosterone worsened illness in males, while finasteride prevented severe outcomes.
January 2011 in “Open Collections” This study observed that mouse preputial glands share general characteristics with rat glands but differ in their intimate association with a hair follicle and absence of proteinaceous granules.
7 citations
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January 1989 in “Archives of Dermatological Research” The side gland of Suncus murinus is a good model for studying human sebaceous glands.
This document supplements a study on androgenetic alopecia, describing materials and methods, and includes figures showing fibrosis in the bulge region of miniaturized hair follicles.