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Glossary Metabolism

chemical reactions in cells that sustain life processes

Metabolism refers to the complex set of chemical reactions that occur within living organisms to maintain life. These reactions are divided into two main categories: catabolism, which breaks down molecules to produce energy, and anabolism, which uses energy to construct components of cells such as proteins and nucleic acids.

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Polycystic Ovary Syndrome: A Complex Condition with Psychological, Reproductive, and Metabolic Manifestations That Impacts Health Across the Lifespan

research Polycystic ovary syndrome: a complex condition with psychological, reproductive and metabolic manifestations that impacts on health across the lifespan

926 citations , June 2010 in “BMC Medicine”

This review emphasizes the need for comprehensive guidelines to address the cardiometabolic and psychological features of polycystic ovary syndrome, alongside its reproductive aspects, and reports no new results.

research Metabolic Regulation of Hematopoietic Stem Cells in the Hypoxic Niche

695 citations , October 2011 in “Cell stem cell”

This review discusses the metabolic and physiological mechanisms that maintain hematopoietic stem cell function, particularly focusing on oxygen and energy homeostasis, but it reports no new experimental results.

research Potential role and therapeutic interests of myo-inositol in metabolic diseases

369 citations , June 2013 in “Biochimie”

This review discusses the potential benefits of myo-inositol supplementation for insulin resistance-related disorders and diabetic complications, but reports no new clinical results.

research Metabolic features of the reproductive phenotypes of polycystic ovary syndrome

286 citations , January 2009 in “Human Reproduction Update”

This study reports that NIH PCOS is linked to more severe metabolic issues, including higher obesity and insulin resistance, compared to non-NIH PCOS phenotypes.

research Metabolic risk in PCOS: phenotype and adiposity impact

162 citations , January 2015 in “Trends in Endocrinology and Metabolism”

This review discusses how women with PCOS have an increased risk of insulin resistance and cardiometabolic features regardless of body fat, and calls for targeted prevention and management strategies.

research Intracrine androgen biosynthesis, metabolism and action revisited

131 citations , September 2017 in “Molecular and Cellular Endocrinology”

This article discusses the role of androgens in metabolic and reproductive health and reports no new experimental results; the focus is on androgen receptor activation by testosterone and 5α-dihydrotestosterone.

research Metabolism of subtoxic levels of selenium in animals and humans.

115 citations , December 1996 in “PubMed”

This study observed that the intestinal absorption of selenium varies depending on its chemical form, with selenomethionine being absorbed efficiently and selenium as selenodiglutathione or selenodicysteine being absorbed faster than selenite.

research Cell fate decisions: emerging roles for metabolic signals and cell morphology

100 citations , November 2017 in “EMBO Reports”

This review discusses the roles of metabolism, reactive oxygen species, intracellular pH, and cell morphology in influencing cell fate decisions during stem cell differentiation but reports no new experimental results.

research Metabolism of Freshly Isolated Human Hair Follicles Capable of Hair Elongation: A Glutaminolytic, Aerobic Glycolytic Tissue

71 citations , June 1993 in “Journal of Investigative Dermatology”

Low Sex Hormone-Binding Globulin Is Associated With Low High-Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol And Metabolic Syndrome In Women With Polycystic Ovary Syndrome

research Low sex hormone-binding globulin is associated with low high-density lipoprotein cholesterol and metabolic syndrome in women with PCOS

71 citations , June 2006 in “Human Reproduction”

This study found that in young Taiwanese women with PCOS, low sex hormone-binding globulin levels were associated with low HDL cholesterol levels, independent of insulin resistance and obesity.

research Physiopathology of polycystic ovary syndrome in endocrinology, metabolism and inflammation

70 citations , February 2025 in “Journal of Ovarian Research”

This review provides an analysis of the physiological and pathological aspects of polycystic ovary syndrome, emphasizing endocrine, metabolic, and inflammatory dimensions, but reports no new clinical results.

Lifestyle Intervention and Anti-Obesity Therapies in Polycystic Ovary Syndrome: Impact on Metabolism and Fertility

research Lifestyle intervention and anti-obesity therapies in the polycystic ovary syndrome: impact on metabolism and fertility

70 citations , April 2013 in “Endocrine”

This review found that lifestyle changes, such as diet and exercise, are beneficial for managing metabolic and endocrine abnormalities in obese patients with PCOS and suggests combining these with anti-obesity agents for enhanced effects.

research Targeting the pre-receptor metabolism of cortisol as a novel therapy in obesity and diabetes

70 citations , March 2010 in “The Journal of Steroid Biochemistry and Molecular Biology”

This study discusses the potential of targeting 11β-HSD1 for treating metabolic syndrome and highlights emerging promising data from human trials on selective 11β-HSD1 inhibitors.

research Androgen metabolism in hirsute patients treated with cyproterone acetate

64 citations , March 1984 in “Journal of steroid biochemistry/Journal of Steroid Biochemistry”

In this study, cyproterone acetate combined with estradiol dramatically improved hirsutism symptoms and significantly reduced plasma testosterone and androstenedione levels in patients over periods of up to three years.

research Relationship of the metabolic syndrome and obesity to polycystic ovary syndrome: A controlled, population-based study

61 citations , February 2001 in “American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology”

This study suggests that polycystic ovary syndrome symptoms are uncommon among women with metabolic syndrome, indicating it may represent only a specific subset within the broader context of metabolic syndrome.

research Metabolic syndrome and skin: Psoriasis and beyond

50 citations , January 2013 in “Indian Journal of Dermatology”

This review highlights the increasing association of metabolic syndrome with various dermatological conditions and suggests a link through chronic inflammation, oxidative stress, and endocrine abnormalities, yet reports no new findings.

research Metabolic Syndrome and Skin Diseases

40 citations , November 2019 in “Frontiers in Endocrinology”

This review discusses the links between metabolic syndrome and various skin diseases, exploring shared mechanisms such as insulin resistance and inflammation, but reports no new clinical results.

Original Research—Endocrinology: Comparison of the Steady-State Pharmacokinetics, Metabolism, and Variability of a Transdermal Testosterone Patch Versus a Transdermal Testosterone Gel in Hypogonadal Men

research ORIGINAL RESEARCH—ENDOCRINOLOGY: Comparison of the Steady‐State Pharmacokinetics, Metabolism, and Variability of a Transdermal Testosterone Patch Versus a Transdermal Testosterone Gel in Hypogonadal Men

38 citations , February 2005 in “The journal of sexual medicine”

This study found that a testosterone patch and gel showed bioequivalent testosterone levels in hypogonadal men, but the patch mimicked a natural circadian profile, while the gel resulted in higher dihydrotestosterone levels.

research Androgenetic alopecia, metabolic syndrome, and insulin resistance: Is there any association? A case-control study

34 citations , January 2014 in “Indian Dermatology Online Journal”

This study supports evaluating metabolic syndrome and insulin resistance in young males with advanced androgenic alopecia to potentially reduce future cardiovascular and type 2 diabetes risks.

research The Force Is Strong with This One: Metabolism (Over)powers Stem Cell Fate

33 citations , March 2018 in “Trends in cell biology”

This review summarizes evidence suggesting that metabolism actively influences stem cell fate in intestinal and hair follicle stem cells, rather than being a mere environmental byproduct.

The Effect of St. John's Wort on the Pharmacokinetics, Metabolism, and Biliary Excretion of Finasteride and Its Metabolites in Healthy Men

research The effect of St. John’s wort on the pharmacokinetics, metabolism and biliary excretion of finasteride and its metabolites in healthy men

33 citations , November 2008 in “European Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences”

This study found that St. John's wort treatment for two weeks induced finasteride metabolism and reduced its plasma exposure in healthy men.

research Metabolic syndrome and metabolic risk profile according to polycystic ovary syndrome phenotype

32 citations , April 2016 in “Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology Research”

This study found that women with polycystic ovary syndrome phenotypes A and B had the highest prevalence of metabolic syndrome, and that the visceral adiposity index may help predict metabolic risk.

Metabolism of Minoxidil, a New Hypotensive Agent: Biotransformation Following Oral Administration to Rats, Dogs, and Monkeys

research Metabolism of Minoxidil, a New Hypotensive Agent 11: Biotransformation following Oral Administration to Rats, Dogs, and Monkeys

31 citations , August 1975 in “Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences”

This study found that different species metabolized minoxidil into various products, with monkeys and humans showing similar profiles primarily excreting a glucuronide conjugate, while rats and dogs showed distinct differences.

research Metabolism of androgens by isolated human beard hair follicles

31 citations , October 1971 in “Steroids”

This study found that human beard hair follicles metabolize dehydroepiandrosterone into various compounds at significantly higher rates than those reported for human skin, suggesting unique metabolic processes in hair follicles.

research Negative Impact of Testosterone Deficiency and 5α-Reductase Inhibitors Therapy on Metabolic and Sexual Function in Men

31 citations , January 2017 in “Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology”

This review discusses the negative health impacts of testosterone deficiency and the potential adverse effects of 5α-reductase inhibitors, emphasizing the need for patient-physician discussions regarding these treatments.

research Metabolic aspects of different phenotypes of polycystic ovary syndrome: Iranian PCOS Prevalence Study

31 citations , January 2014 in “Clinical Endocrinology”

This study found no significant differences in metabolic characteristics between different phenotypes of PCOS or between women with PCOS and healthy controls among reproductive-aged Iranian women.

research Acanthosis nigricans and the metabolic syndrome

30 citations , September 2017 in “Clinics in Dermatology”

This article reviews the clinical and histological features of acanthosis nigricans and its associations with insulin resistance and other conditions, but highlights the need for more research on its classification, severity assessment, and treatment options.