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Glossary Matrix Metalloproteinases

enzymes that degrade extracellular matrix proteins

Matrix Metalloproteinases (MMPs) are a group of enzymes that break down proteins in the extracellular matrix, which is the network of molecules surrounding cells. They play a crucial role in tissue remodeling, wound healing, and various physiological processes, but their overactivity can contribute to diseases like arthritis and cancer.

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Purified Vitexin Compound 1 Inhibits UVA-Induced Cellular Senescence in Human Dermal Fibroblasts by Binding Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 1

research Purified Vitexin Compound 1 Inhibits UVA-Induced Cellular Senescence in Human Dermal Fibroblasts by Binding Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 1

3 citations , July 2020 in “Frontiers in Cell and Developmental Biology”

This study found that the purified compound VB1 from Vitex negundo seeds may reduce UVA-induced skin aging by targeting MAPK1 and demonstrated its potential in mice.

research Antioxidant Capacity and Protective Effect of Cow Placenta Extract on D-Galactose-Induced Skin Aging in Mice

4 citations , November 2022 in “Nutrients”

In a study on mice, cow placenta extract showed strong antioxidant activities and reduced collagen damage, suggesting it could help delay skin aging caused by D-galactose.

research Scarless wound healing: Transitioning from fetal research to regenerative healing

79 citations , January 2018 in “Wiley Interdisciplinary Reviews-Developmental Biology”

This review discusses the experimental targets of fetal wound healing and evaluates existing therapies for scarless healing in adult skin, but reports no new research findings.

research Procyanidins attenuate neuropathic pain by suppressing matrix metalloproteinase-9/2

22 citations , June 2018 in “Journal of Neuroinflammation”

This study found that procyanidins effectively alleviate neuropathic pain in mice by significantly inhibiting MMP-9/2 activity.

research Extracellular Matrix as a Regulator of Epidermal Stem Cell Fate

57 citations , March 2018 in “International Journal of Molecular Sciences”

This review highlights recent advances in understanding how the extracellular matrix regulates epidermal stem cell fate, emphasizing the importance of the hair follicle stem cell niche, but reports no new empirical findings.

research Matrix Metalloproteinase-9 Is Involved in the Regulation of Hair Canal Formation

20 citations , September 2010 in “The journal of investigative dermatology/Journal of investigative dermatology”

This study suggests that MMP-9 plays a significant role in extracellular matrix remodeling during hair canal formation in mice, as indicated by delayed hair shaft emergence and hair canal development in MMP-9 knockout mice.

research Matrix Metalloproteinase-19 Expression in Normal and Diseased Skin: Dysregulation by Epidermal Proliferation

56 citations , November 2003 in “Journal of Investigative Dermatology”

This study identified altered expression of MMP-19 in the skin's epidermal layers during diseases like psoriasis and eczema, implying a role in disease processes.

research Effect of Decellularized Extracellular Matrix Bioscaffolds Derived from Fibroblasts on Skin Wound Healing and Remodeling

8 citations , June 2022 in “Frontiers in bioengineering and biotechnology”

This study found that a collagen patch made with fibroblast-derived extracellular matrix (fdECM) extracted from human lung fibroblasts enhanced wound healing by promoting wound contraction, angiogenesis, and skin remodeling in full-thickness skin wound models, including those with diabetic ulcers.

Col4a2-eGFP Mouse Model Reveals the Molecular and Functional Dynamics of Basement Membrane Remodelling in Hair Follicle Morphogenesis

research Col4a2-eGFPmouse model reveals the molecular and functional dynamics of basement membrane remodelling in hair follicle morphogenesis

November 2023 in “bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory)”

This study used a novel fluorescent tagging method in mice to observe collagen IV dynamics during hair follicle development, revealing that alterations in basement membrane turnover can influence epithelial progenitor cell behavior and organ morphology by affecting cell proliferation and movement.

research Fibroproliferative genes are preferentially expressed in central centrifugal cicatricial alopecia

25 citations , June 2018 in “Journal of The American Academy of Dermatology”

This study identified upregulation of genes linked to fibroproliferative disorders, such as platelet-derived growth factor and collagen genes, in patients with central centrifugal cicatricial alopecia, suggesting potential therapeutic targets.

research Anti-Acne Agents Attenuate FGFR2 Signal Transduction in Acne

65 citations , February 2009 in “The journal of investigative dermatology/Journal of investigative dermatology”

This paper discusses the hypothesis that anti-acne agents may work by reducing FGFR2 signaling, and emphasizes FGFR2's potential role in acne pathogenesis, but it reports no new experimental findings.

research Connective tissue sheath of hair follicle is a major source of dermal type I procollagen in human scalp

4 citations , September 2012 in “Journal of dermatological science”

The hair follicle's connective tissue is a key source of a certain collagen in human scalp skin.

research Identifying the Target Cells and Mechanisms of Merkel Cell Polyomavirus Infection

133 citations , May 2016 in “Cell Host & Microbe”

In this study, human dermal fibroblasts were identified as natural host cells that support productive Merkel cell polyomavirus infection, and the MEK antagonist trametinib was introduced as an effective inhibitor to control the virus.

Thymosin Beta 4 Increases Hair Growth by Activation of Hair Follicle Stem Cells

research Thymosin β₄increases hair growth by activation of hair follicle stem cells

98 citations , December 2003 in “The FASEB Journal”

In this study, thymosin beta4 was found to stimulate hair growth in normal rats and mice by affecting key processes in the hair follicle cycle, such as stem cell migration and extracellular matrix remodeling.

Air Pollution, Autophagy, and Skin Aging: Impact of Particulate Matter on Human Dermal Fibroblasts

research Air Pollution, Autophagy, and Skin Aging: Impact of Particulate Matter (PM10) on Human Dermal Fibroblasts

68 citations , September 2018 in “International Journal of Molecular Sciences”

In this study, researchers found that exposure to PM10 significantly increased inflammation and impaired collagen synthesis in human dermal fibroblasts, suggesting PM10 contributes to skin aging through these mechanisms.

research Mammalian Fetal Organ Regeneration

32 citations , January 2005 in “Advances in Biochemical Engineering / Biotechnology”

This review discusses the unique capacity of fetal skin to heal wounds without scarring and notes that while many factors have been identified, the complete mechanism of fetal wound healing remains unclear.

research Effects of non-ablative fractional erbium glass laser treatment on gene regulation in human three-dimensional skin models

24 citations , January 2016 in “Lasers in Medical Science”

This study found that non-ablative fractional erbium glass laser treatment affected gene regulation in human skin models by downregulating MMP and interleukin expression, suggesting potential roles in dermal remodeling and anti-inflammatory effects.

Identifying Key Components and Therapeutic Targets of the Immune System in Hidradenitis Suppurativa with an Emphasis on Neutrophils

research Identifying key components and therapeutic targets of the immune system in hidradenitis suppurativa with an emphasis on neutrophils

16 citations , September 2020 in “British journal of dermatology/British journal of dermatology, Supplement”

This review explores the role of neutrophil recruitment in the inflammation seen in hidradenitis suppurativa and emphasizes potential therapeutic targets within these pathways, but it reports no new clinical results.

Modulation of Photoaging-Induced Cutaneous Elastin: Evaluation of Gene and Protein Expression of Markers Related to Elastogenesis Under Different Photoexposure Conditions

research Modulation of Photoaging-Induced Cutaneous Elastin: Evaluation of Gene and Protein Expression of Markers Related to Elastogenesis Under Different Photoexposure Conditions

14 citations , October 2021 in “Dermatology and Therapy”

This study found that photoexposure significantly increased the gene expression of altered elastin, MMP12, and LOX, as well as the protein expression of tropoelastin and fibrillin-1, in skin models.

Cthrc1 Deficiency Aggravates Wound Healing and Promotes Cardiac Rupture After Myocardial Infarction via Non-Canonical WNT5A Signaling Pathway

research Cthrc1 deficiency aggravates wound healing and promotes cardiac rupture after myocardial infarction via non-canonical WNT5A signaling pathway

9 citations , January 2023 in “International Journal of Biological Sciences”

This study suggests that CTHRC1, a protein expressed in cardiac fibroblasts, may improve wound repair and prevent cardiac rupture after myocardial infarction by activating a specific signaling pathway.

research Self-organization process in newborn skin organoid formation inspires strategy to restore hair regeneration of adult cells

92 citations , August 2017 in “Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America”

This study found that newborn mouse skin organoids can robustly grow hair in vivo, while adult organoids require specific interventions to restore their hair-forming ability.

research Mechanical forces across compartments coordinate cell shape and fate transitions to generate tissue architecture

2 citations , February 2024 in “Nature cell biology”

In this research, the authors identify coordinated mechanical forces as crucial for hair follicle development in mammals, with contractile, proliferative, and proteolytic activities facilitating the formation and sectioning of epithelial structures crucial for forming a functional tissue.

research Defining stem cell dynamics and migration during wound healing in mouse skin epidermis

363 citations , March 2017 in “Nature Communications”

This study found that, in mouse tail epidermis, stem cells rapidly activate and regenerate new progenitors to repair wounds, with mechanisms affecting their proliferation, differentiation, and migration.

research Langerin+ Dendritic Cells in Cutaneous Fibrosis: The TGF-β1 Signaling Axis

October 2025 in “Clinical Cosmetic and Investigational Dermatology”

This study synthesizes knowledge of how dendritic cell signals, epithelial integrins, and fibroblast activity converge on TGF-β1 to maintain or disrupt skin healing, contrasting normal and fibrotic scar formation and suggesting possible integrin and immune-targeted treatments for skin fibrosis.

research Expression of an Olfactomedin-Related Gene in Rat Hair Follicular Papilla Cells

10 citations , June 2005 in “The journal of investigative dermatology/Journal of investigative dermatology”

This study identified FP-1 as a highly specific extracellular matrix protein in follicular papilla cells, which may play a role in hair growth regulation during specific hair cycle phases.

research Antiaging effect of pleurotus cornucopiae extracts

September 2016 in “Journal of Dermatological Science”

This study found that P. cornucopiae extract showed antioxidant and protective effects on human skin fibroblasts, suggesting its potential as an antiaging agent by preventing oxidative stress-induced collagen breakdown.

research Autologous Cell Therapy for Aged Human Skin: A Randomized, Placebo-Controlled, Phase-I Study

6 citations , September 2019 in “Skin pharmacology and physiology”

This study found that RCS-01 cell therapy for aged skin was well tolerated and associated with increased gene expression related to extracellular matrix homeostasis, suggesting potential skin improvement.

research Tissue Mechanics in Haired Murine Skin: Potential Implications for Skin Aging

9 citations , February 2021 in “Frontiers in Cell and Developmental Biology”

This review discusses the role of tissue mechanics and extracellular matrix in skin aging processes and highlights potential therapeutic strategies, but reports no new clinical results.

research Ameliorative effect of tranexamic acid on physiological skin aging and its sex difference in mice

13 citations , May 2019 in “Archives of dermatological research”

In a study using hairless mice, tranexamic acid was found to ameliorate natural skin aging, with stronger effects observed in female mice compared to males.

research Comparison of two ASC-derived therapeutics in an in vitro OA model: secretome versus extracellular vesicles

60 citations , December 2020 in “Stem Cell Research & Therapy”

In this laboratory study, ASC-conditioned medium showed higher therapeutic potential than extracellular vesicles alone in reducing inflammation and catabolic activity in human chondrocytes with an osteoarthritis phenotype, highlighting its possible use in osteoarthritis management.