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Genetic defects in testosterone production can cause hormonal and developmental disorders, and more research is needed to understand androgen regulation and develop safer treatments.

Vitamin D has potential benefits for cancer prevention, heart health, diabetes, obesity, muscle function, skin health, and immune function, but clinical results are mixed and more research is needed.

Sex hormones may influence COVID-19 severity, with males at higher risk, and certain hormone therapies could potentially treat the virus.

Mast cells likely promote skin scarring and fibrosis, but their exact role is still unclear.

The article concludes that understanding the molecular processes in hair follicle development can improve the quality of fibers like Angora and cashmere.

The combination of gemcitabine and vinorelbine is effective and safe for treating elderly patients with advanced breast cancer previously treated with anthracyclines and taxanes.

Macrophages help hair growth after injury through CX3CR1 and TGF-β1.

Interferon, especially alfa interferon, is an effective treatment for cutaneous T-cell lymphoma with manageable side effects.

Hair loss in balding individuals is linked to changes in specific hair growth-related genes.

JAGGED1 could help regenerate tissues for bone loss and heart damage if delivered correctly.

New treatments like nanotechnology show promise in improving skin cancer therapy.

Antibody treatments show promise for hair loss but need more research.

ACTH may be an effective first-line treatment for acute calcium pyrophosphate crystal arthritis.

Tocilizumab treatment was associated with significant hair regrowth in one patient and temporary hair loss followed by regrowth in another.

Biologic treatments for Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis can cause skin problems, and doctors should adjust treatment if these occur.

IL-17 inhibitors for psoriasis may cause unexpected hair loss.

Interleukin-15 can help hair growth and protect hair follicles.

Certain immune-related proteins are higher in people with alopecia and their healthy relatives, hinting at a genetic link.

PPAR-γ is important for healthy hair and its problems, and more research on PPAR-γ treatments is needed.

TRPV4 helps cells repair tissue and reduce scarring by controlling calcium levels.

Dutasteride and finasteride affect different cell types differently.

The right cells and signals can potentially lead to scarless wound healing, with a mix of natural and external wound healing controllers possibly being the best way to achieve this.

New alopecia treatments aim for better results and fewer side effects.

Psoriasis is linked to other autoimmune diseases and involves a specific inflammatory process.

Selective Androgen Receptor Modulators (SARMs) are drugs that can control the effects of androgens in different tissues, potentially having fewer side effects and promising for treating various conditions.

Antroquinonol may help prevent skin depigmentation by suppressing certain immune cells.

iNKT cells can help prevent and treat alopecia areata by promoting hair regrowth.

Researchers found a specific immune receptor in patients that causes severe skin reactions to a drug.

Activating TLR9 helps heal wounds and regrow hair by using specific immune cells.

Ginseng, especially its component ginsenosides, can promote hair growth, reduce hair loss, and potentially treat conditions like alopecia by affecting cell pathways and cytokines.