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Hand and forearm transplants can be successful long-term, but they come with challenges like rejection and side effects from immunosuppression.

Alopecia areata and vitiligo share immune system dysfunction but differ in specific immune responses and affected areas.

Stem cells are crucial for wound healing and understanding their role could lead to new treatments, but more research is needed to answer unresolved questions.

Alopecia areata needs more recognition and better treatment access in Latin America to improve patient care and outcomes.

The document concludes that DNA methylation and the mTOR pathway are important for stem cell function and could impact disease treatment.

Hair follicles are normally protected from the immune system, but when this protection fails, it can cause hair loss in alopecia areata.

MSCs and their exosomes may speed up skin wound healing but need more research for consistent use.

The review suggests that other immune cells besides CD8+ T cells may contribute to alopecia areata and that targeting regulatory cell defects could improve treatment.

Mesenchymal Stem/Stromal Cells (MSCs) help in wound healing and tissue regeneration, but can also contribute to tumor growth. They show promise in treating chronic wounds and certain burns, but their full healing mechanisms and potential challenges need further exploration.

Excessive sun protection might cause frontal fibrosing alopecia by disrupting skin immune balance.

Microneedles are promising for long-acting drug delivery and can improve patient compliance, but more data is needed to confirm their effectiveness.

Long COVID causes lasting symptoms and needs ongoing care.

New regenerative treatments for hair loss show promise but need more research for confirmation.

Cell therapy shows promise for treating severe psoriasis but needs more research to confirm safety and effectiveness.

The study concluded that immune cells attacking hair follicles cause hair loss in alopecia, with genetics and environment also playing a role, and highlighted the potential of certain treatments.

Melatonin helps regulate hair growth and protects the hair follicle from stress.

Ferulic acid may help control menstrual cycle-related epilepsy by affecting female hormones.

Melatonin in the skin helps protect against damage from stress and UV rays, and could be used to treat certain skin conditions.

Periodontal ligament stem cells show promise for regrowing tissues but require more research for safe, effective use.

Using defensins to activate stem cells may improve skin aging signs without causing inflammation.

New methods to improve the healing abilities of mesenchymal stem cells for disease treatment are promising but need more research.

New treatments for skin and hair repair show promise, but further improvements are needed.

The supplement highlighted advancements and challenges in plastic and reconstructive surgery, including the impact of smoking, chemotherapy, and new treatments like Tafluprost for hair loss.

Repeated use of protein hair conditioner with heat or gamma irradiation can harm skin and hair health in rats.

Different species and human skin models vary in their skin enzyme activities, with pig skin and some models closely matching human skin, useful for safety assessments and understanding the skin's protective roles.

Stress can worsen skin and hair conditions by affecting the skin's immune response and hormone levels.

Hair follicles could help develop eye treatments by studying immune responses.

The document concludes that more research is needed to find effective treatments for Lichen planopilaris and Frontal fibrosing alopecia.

The secretome from mesenchymal stromal cells shows promise for improving facial nerve injury treatment.