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This review discusses the role of the immune niche in hair follicle regeneration and its impact on different forms of alopecia, highlighting research gaps and potential therapeutic strategies.

This study developed immortalized human hair follicle-derived mesenchymal-like stromal cells (iHF-MSCs) as a consistent source of therapeutic secretome, reporting their superior immunomodulatory and regenerative performance, potentially advancing cell-free therapies for inflammation and tissue repair.

This study found that intradermal injections of plant-derived exosomes in adults with early-stage alopecia increased stem cell activity, activated Wnt signaling pathways, and reduced certain immune cell populations, providing insights into their role in hair follicle regeneration and suggesting potential for hair restoration therapy.

BOOST is a promising, easy-to-use treatment for diabetic foot ulcers that improves healing by reducing inflammation and promoting blood vessel growth.

This review discusses how urban air pollutants may influence the regulation of JAK3 signaling in alopecia areata and reports no new experimental results; the authors integrate existing data to map potential pathways and biomarkers.

In this study, AS101 combined with chemotherapy significantly reduced the severity of chemotherapy-induced alopecia in non-small-cell-lung-cancer patients and may involve immune mechanisms related to IL-1 and PGE2.

This study suggests that enhancing glycolysis in MSCs may improve their immune functions and therapeutic potential, although more evidence is needed to understand the direct metabolic mechanisms involved.

This study found that imiquimod combined with fish oil in a bigel formulation enhanced antitumor effects and reduced inflammatory side effects in a skin cancer model.

This study found that 3D-printed polyamine-modified hydrogels facilitate M2 macrophage polarization and exosome secretion, enhancing skin cell compatibility and promoting wound healing and hair follicle induction in an animal model through specific signaling pathways, suggesting potential for skin disorder therapies.

This study documented the progression of exfoliative cutaneous lupus erythematosus in German shorthaired pointers and found generally poor responses to therapies, including immunomodulatory drugs and a TNF-α inhibitor.

This review discusses the immune system's role in skin repair and regeneration, highlighting how biomaterials could potentially enhance fully functional skin regeneration through immunomodulatory mechanisms, but reports no new results.

This study investigated chitosan–hydroxyapatite biocomposites, finding them to enhance anti-inflammatory cytokine expression, support cellular activities, and reduce pro-inflammatory cytokines in a dermatitis model, while highlighting gaps in understanding their immune modulation and issues with reproducibility for clinical use.

This study found that 3D spheroid culture reprogrammed mesenchymal stem cells into a uniform immunosuppressive phenotype, suggesting potential therapeutic applications for inflammatory diseases like psoriasis.

This review discusses the potential role of melatonin in atopic dermatitis, focusing on its antioxidant and immunomodulatory effects, but reports no new clinical results.

This review examines various immunomodulatory therapies for cutaneous lymphoma and notes that they are most effective in the disease's early stages.

This systematic review found that chitosan-based wound therapy may accelerate wound healing by reducing inflammation and modulating immune response, but notes limited clinical trials to date.

In this study, researchers isolated new compounds from the plant *Calanthe cardioglossa* and found that five of these compounds, particularly calancardin B, significantly reduced TNF-α levels in immune cells relevant to multiple sclerosis, suggesting potential for immunomodulatory effects.

This study found that activating Toll-like receptor 3 in periodontal ligament stem cells enhanced their stem cell and immunosuppressive properties, potentially supporting effective periodontal tissue regeneration.

This study tested a hydrogel microneedle patch delivering T reg attractants in mice with alopecia, finding it boosted regulatory T cell numbers at the site, leading to hair regrowth without causing peripheral immunosuppression, suggesting a potential new approach for autoimmune skin disease treatment.

This study found that dutasteride may help prevent enteric neuronal damage in an animal model of Parkinson's disease, highlighting its potential for drug repurposing to address neuroinflammation.

This study found that theabrownin-selenium nanoparticles (TB-Se NPs) effectively target Malassezia-induced dermatitis through a dual antifungal and immunomodulatory mechanism, suppressing fungal overgrowth, reducing inflammation, and enhancing immune memory to prevent recurrence in a dermatitis model.

This review discusses the multifaceted roles of regulatory T cells in cutaneous wound healing and highlights potential therapeutic strategies targeting these cells to enhance wound repair in chronic and diabetic wounds, but reports no new clinical results.

This review examines the potential role of homoeopathy in managing autoimmune diseases, focusing on evidence from recent case reports and studies. It discusses clinical outcomes in various conditions and explores possible immunomodulatory mechanisms associated with homoeopathic interventions.

This systematic review reported that while combining low-dose oral minoxidil with Janus kinase inhibitors may enhance treatment outcomes in alopecia areata, the evidence remains weak due to limited sample sizes and potential publication bias, and more rigorous trials are necessary to assess efficacy and safety.

This study found that platelet-rich plasma might support brain health by enhancing glial cell function and modulating immune responses in inflammation, indicating potential as a treatment for brain disorders.

This chapter discusses how nanotechnology, through the use of metal nanoparticles and biocompatible carriers, along with antioxidants like curcumin, quercetin, and resveratrol, offers promising approaches for treating PCOS by reducing oxidative stress and inflammation, enhancing insulin sensitivity, and normalizing hormone levels.

This review discusses the potential of P. polyphylla saponins to treat acne through antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, immunomodulatory, and antioxidant effects, noting that acne's complex pathogenesis makes this line of research promising for future studies.

In this study, wounds treated with a combination of 0.02% Decamethoxine and Blastomunil showed enhanced healing and epithelization by the 14th day, leveraging the immunomodulatory and antimicrobial properties of the agents.

In this study, three pediatric patients with alopecia areata and high levels of certain viral antibodies experienced excellent outcomes following treatment with a combination of corticosteroids, minoxidil, inosine pranobex, valacyclovir, and light-emitting diode therapy.

This study found that 29.4% of patients treated with methotrexate for non-hair-related conditions experienced increased hair loss, with more frequent reports among women.