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This review highlights the global efforts and challenges in 3D bioprinting for developing skin substitutes, emphasizing the need for standardized protocols to enhance reproducibility and clinical applicability in wound healing and regeneration.

This study demonstrated a novel use of tape stripping on a human skin model to simulate the inflammation and barrier damage caused by dry razor shaving, highlighting potential shaving and skin-care formulations that may mitigate such damage.

This study developed a rapid, cost-effective three-dimensional skin equivalent model using human dermal fibroblasts, collagen, and hair follicles, which closely resembles natural human skin and can be used for autologous transplantation.

This review highlights the complex interplay between intrinsic and extrinsic factors influencing skin aging, emphasizing the need for advanced human-specific models to study aging mechanisms and develop new therapies.

This review examines human-relevant in vitro models for studying pigmentation disorders, identifying both challenges and advancements in replicating human pigmentation processes and disease-specific pathology in vitro.

This study utilized a pigmented human epidermal equivalent model to incorporate melanocytes into the epidermis and found enhanced differentiation potential compared to conventional in vitro systems, reflecting in vivo cellular trajectories and highlighting melanocyte-to-keratinocyte communication pathways.

A new method was developed to create better skin models for healing and reconstruction.

This review examines the role of skin microbes in enhancing the skin barrier and their involvement in skin diseases like atopic dermatitis, while also discussing current and future therapeutic strategies targeting the skin microbiome.

This review explores the potential use of plucked hair follicles in regenerative medicine and diagnostics but presents no new research findings.

Microfluidic models improve testing for aging, wound healing, and oral tissue, reducing animal testing.

This review highlights the development and assessment of human-relevant models for cutaneous wound healing, emphasizing that a combination of systems, such as organoid platforms and skin-on-a-chip systems, is necessary to overcome limitations of traditional methodologies and address chronic wound challenges.

This review explores the interactions between the skin, peripheral nervous system, and immune system and reports no new results; the authors highlight the importance of understanding these connections for various skin conditions.

This study found that "early" transit amplifying cells, marked by CD271, are the first keratinocyte stem cell progenitors with distinct features, playing a significant role in early epidermal differentiation and regeneration.

This study found that porcine skin serves as a reliable model for studying drug absorption into human hair follicles, showing a strong correlation in follicular drug absorption between porcine and human skin.

This study found that reconstructed human epidermis from infant skin is more susceptible to UV damage than that from older children, with notable changes in skin cell characteristics during the early years of life.

The researchers reported that iPSCs derived from Sendai virus reprogrammed blood cells can mature into functional keratinocytes for up to 60 days, potentially offering new approaches for DEB treatment.

This study found that maintaining tension-force balance in a human skin equivalent improved characteristics of skin homeostasis and structure, suggesting potential as an alternative to animal models for studying skin physiology.

This study successfully recreated human hair follicles in vitro, which offers a potential advancement in hair regeneration and understanding the effects of drugs on hair follicles.

This study found that a 3D wound model, the 3DWoundSE, showed improved responsiveness to injury and cytotoxic stimuli compared to an intact 3D skin equivalent, offering a reproducible and ethical alternative to animal models for early wound response assessment in dermatological research and drug development.

This study standardized a reproducible three-dimensional human skin model for testing skin tumor promoters, using methods that do not require human skin sourcing.

This study explored hair follicle research by co-culturing dermal papilla cells, keratinocytes, and endothelial cells in spheroids, finding elevated hair growth factor expression and potential for creating skin equivalents with hair through a "hair-on-a-chip" approach.

This study reported that a skin equivalent model using human outer root sheath cells and fibroblasts showed the formation of structures similar to human dermis and epidermis within two weeks after transplantation into mice.

This study found that lysine carboxymethyl cysteinate helps protect the epidermis from UVB-induced damage by activating autophagy and restoring cornification processes in a skin model.

This review highlights the potential of microfluidic skin-on-a-chip models in skin research, emphasizing their ability to mimic human skin structure and improve control over cellular and molecular distribution compared to traditional in vitro models.

This review discusses advancements in skin microphysiological systems, such as 3D bioprinting, skin organoids, and skin-on-a-chip, and their effectiveness in emulating human skin functions for research and preclinical applications, highlighting the potential for replacing animal testing with these innovative technologies.

In this study, researchers identified at least four distinct basal stem cell populations in the human interfollicular epidermis, each crucial for maintaining epidermal communication and homeostasis.

This review suggests that skin may largely protect itself from CYP-generated reactive metabolites due to higher conjugating enzyme activities, while highlighting limitations in modeling human skin metabolism experimentally.

This review discusses recent advancements in generating appendage-bearing skin organoids from pluripotent stem cells and their potential applications in dermatological research, but reports no new clinical results.

This study demonstrated that an engineered human skin equivalent can generate follicle-like structures resembling fetal skin, highlighting the role of the dermal compartment in directing epithelial cell fate in vitro.

This study found that a serum-free DMEM-F12 medium with 45% oxygen best supports in vitro development and differentiation of human fetal skin, closely mimicking the in vivo state.