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Free Testosterone Index, bioavailable testosterone, and androstenedione are the most accurate for diagnosing excess male hormones in PCOS.

Flutamide, an antiandrogen, has minimal impact on female rat endocrine systems and does not significantly change their reproductive cycles.

LC-MS/MS is more reliable than immunoassays for diagnosing 21-hydroxylase deficiency.

PSA levels are higher in women with PCOS, but FAI is a more accurate marker for diagnosis.

Relatives of women with PCOS symptoms are more likely to have similar health issues.

Triptorelin helps evaluate hormone production in Sertoli-Leydig cell tumors.

Cyproterone acetate implants were more effective at reducing facial hair and improving skin in severe hirsutism than oral treatment.

Certain gene variations are found in people with polycystic ovary syndrome.

Testosterone patches can modestly improve sexual function in postmenopausal women not on estrogen therapy.

Low leptin levels in obese women with high testosterone may indicate a tumor that secretes male hormones.

A postmenopausal woman's excess male hormone symptoms were caused by a rare adrenal gland tissue in her ovary.

Doctors used a special blood sampling technique to diagnose a woman's rare ovarian tumor that was producing male hormones.

Low-dose flutamide improved hirsutism and satisfaction in women but had common side effects, causing some to stop treatment.

3α, 17β-androstanediol-glucuronide is not a useful marker for androgen excess but may help monitor certain treatments.

The enzyme myo-inositol oxygenase is not linked to the cause of polycystic ovarian syndrome.

A hidden autoimmune syndrome was found during a shock, showing thyroid, adrenal, and ovarian issues.

The most common skin issues in females with Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS) are excessive hair growth, hair loss, oily skin, acne, dark skin patches, and skin tags, which may be linked to hormone and insulin levels.

Hirsutism can be treated with medications or hair removal methods, tailored to each person.

This new method makes checking for female infertility less painful, less invasive, and doesn't use radiation.

Non-invasive imaging helped diagnose a woman's severe hormone imbalance and diabetes, and medication successfully treated her condition.

After chemotherapy for a gestational trophoblastic tumor, normal pregnancy rates are possible, but there's a slightly higher risk of the tumor reoccurring in future pregnancies.

Postmenopausal ovary stromal cells have a unique makeup and limited steroid production, suggesting androgens come from the adrenal gland.

Menopause causes skin and hair to become drier and thinner, but hormone therapy can improve these conditions.

Removing hair wrapped around the labia quickly prevents serious tissue damage.

Testosterone in older women can increase bone density, muscle mass, fat mass, improve memory, and boost libido, but may cause nipple color changes.

Effective treatment for skin issues in women with PCOS includes oral contraceptives, antiandrogens, and other medications and procedures.

Most women with hirsutism have normal hormone levels and can be treated with cosmetic methods; obesity and PCOS are common causes, and treatments depend on the underlying issue.

The bulletin provides guidelines for diagnosing and managing PCOS, suggesting weight loss, hormonal contraceptives, and diabetes screening, with clomiphene for infertility and various treatments for excess hair.