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In a mouse model of androgenetic alopecia, this study found that a novel hydrogel containing minoxidil-incorporated engineered exosomes (Gel@MNs) enhanced hair regeneration more effectively than conventional minoxidil, increasing hair follicle number and size while reducing skin irritation.

This study reviews the regenerative potential and clinical applications of exosomes derived from mesenchymal stem cells in conditions like COVID-19, alopecia, skin aging, and osteoarthritis, highlighting their role as a promising tool in regenerative medicine.

In this study, topical application of adipose stem cell exosomes was found to reduce facial redness in atopic dermatitis patients treated with dupilumab, while improving skin hydration and decreasing inflammation markers over 12 weeks.

This study found that garlic exosomes induced hair growth in rats by increasing anagen follicle counts and activating multiple signaling pathways, including Wnt-1, β-catenin, and TGF-β1.

In this study, human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cell-derived exosomes significantly accelerated cutaneous wound healing in rats by modulating the TGF-β/Smad signaling pathway.

This study suggests that exosomal miRNAs from human amniotic fluid stem cells may inhibit myofibroblast differentiation and reduce fibrotic scarring in wound healing.

This study reviews the roles and mechanisms of MSC-derived exosomes in wound healing, noting their potential as promising cell-free therapies for cutaneous regeneration.

This study found that adipose-derived stem cell exosomes promoted hair follicle regeneration in mice, resulting in a higher number of regenerated hairs and follicles compared to the control group.

This study found that exosomes derived from antler stem cells significantly enhanced wound healing speed and quality in rats, including better skin regeneration and collagen distribution, outperforming exosomes from bone marrow stem cells, and suggesting potential clinical applications.

This meta-analysis found that ADSC-Exo therapy can enhance healing in both general and diabetic wounds by promoting neovascularization, improving epithelization and collagen fiber deposition, and reducing scar formation, suggesting significant potential for clinical and research applications.

This review highlights the therapeutic potential of plant-derived exosomes, noting their larger size compared to animal-derived exosomes and usefulness in targeted drug delivery and inter-kingdom communication. It summarizes existing research on their biogenesis, characterization, and engineering for drug delivery, indicating significant opportunities for biotechnological advancements.

This study observed that exosomes from adipose mesenchymal stem cells overexpressing hepatocyte growth factor significantly improved liver function and reduced fibrosis in mice with experimentally induced liver injury.

This study found that exosomes derived from bovine colostrum promoted hair growth in mice by activating the Wnt/β-catenin pathway, with effects similar to minoxidil but without adverse effects.

This review discusses the role and therapeutic potential of mesenchymal cell-derived exosomes in organ development and disease treatment, highlighting their application in cell-free therapeutic strategies and current challenges faced in their use.

The hydrogel helps heal seawater-immersed wounds by reducing infection and inflammation.

This narrative review highlights the potential of autologous adipose mesenchymal stem cell-derived exosomes (AMSCs-Exos) in anti-skin aging, noting their superior biocompatibility and manufacturing advantages while stressing the need for standardized production protocols to overcome existing application challenges.

This case report suggests that exosome therapy may offer a promising alternative treatment for lichen planopilaris, showing potential benefits in hair regrowth, reduced inflammation, and improved scalp condition, but further studies are needed to confirm long-term efficacy and safety.

This review discusses the potential therapeutic effects of exosomes from various cell sources in treating acute kidney injury and explores their mechanisms, but reports no new clinical results.

In this study, intravenous injection of exosomes derived from mesenchymal stromal cells accelerated wound healing and improved skin tissue regeneration in adult male rats.

In a rat skin wound model, this study observed that a composite dressing using chitosan hydrogel and exosomes derived from adipose mesenchymal stem cells enhanced wound healing by promoting collagen deposition, angiogenesis, and regeneration of hair follicle structures.

This study reported that human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cell-derived exosomes may promote hair regeneration and thickness in androgenic alopecia by modulating cellular pathways in hair growth, including increasing hair density and diameter, as observed in a mouse model and an exploratory clinical trial.

This study evaluated salmon-derived exosomes combined with microneedling as a treatment for androgenetic alopecia, reporting significant improvements in hair density, follicular health, and scalp microenvironment, with no serious adverse events observed in the 20 patients after 12 weeks.

In this research, lipidomic, proteomic, and metabolomic analyses of exosomes from seven Ashwagandha seed batches revealed that Ashwagandha-derived exosome-like nanovesicles can up-regulate VEGF-A production and promote hair growth in human models tested outside the body.

In this study, researchers conducted a comprehensive analysis of seven Ashwagandha seed exosome lots and found that treatment with these exosome-like nanovesicles can up-regulate VEGF-A production and promote human hair growth in an ex vivo model.

This study found that exosomes derived from dental pulp mesenchymal stem cells (DPSC-Exos) significantly promoted hair regrowth and follicle density in a mouse model of androgenetic alopecia, showing similar efficacy to minoxidil by activating pathways that improve follicular vascularization and dermal papilla cell function.

This study found that exosomes from human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells reduced hair follicle aging and promoted hair regeneration in models by upregulating COL17A1 through the miR-21-5p/DKK2/Wnt/β-catenin axis, outperforming existing treatments like minoxidil.

This review explores plant-derived exosomes as promising alternatives to synthetic wound-healing agents due to their ability to regulate signaling pathways involved in skin repair, while also addressing challenges in their clinical application.

This review highlights that exosomes from adipose-derived stem cells, particularly those enriched with circ-Ash1l, can inhibit ferroptosis and reduce UVB-induced skin aging by delivering GPX4-promoting signals to damaged cells, thus offering a potential regenerative therapy for photoaged skin.