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Glossary Selective Estrogen Receptor Modulators

modulate estrogen effects in different tissues selectively

Selective Estrogen Receptor Modulators (SERMs) are a class of compounds that act on the estrogen receptor. They can either block or activate estrogen's effects in different tissues, depending on the specific SERM and the tissue type. For example, they might block estrogen's action in breast tissue to reduce the risk of breast cancer, while activating it in bone tissue to help maintain bone density.

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research Effect of estrogens on skin aging and the potential role of selective estrogen receptor modulators

67 citations , January 2007 in “Climacteric”

This article discusses the impact of estrogens on skin aging, highlighting the potential benefits and unresolved effectiveness of alternatives like phytoestrogens and selective estrogen receptor modulators; it reports no new clinical results.

Pharmacological Activation of Estrogen Receptors-α and -β Differentially Modulates Keratinocyte Differentiation with Functional Impact on Wound Healing

research Pharmacological activation of estrogen receptors-α and -β differentially modulates keratinocyte differentiation with functional impact on wound healing

23 citations , September 2015 in “International Journal of Molecular Medicine”

This study found that the activation of ER‑β increased keratinocyte proliferation and gene expression related to epidermal regeneration, enhancing wound healing in both cell models and rats.

research The Effects of Estradiol, Androgens and the Selective Estrogen Modulators: Ospemifene, Raloxifene and Tamoxifen on Explant Cultures of Human Breast Tissue

May 2013 in “UTUPub (University of Turku)”

This study suggests that adding androgens to menopausal hormone therapy may reduce breast cancer risk by counteracting estrogen-driven proliferation in postmenopausal breast tissue.

research Biology of estrogens in skin: implications for skin aging

187 citations , December 2005 in “Experimental Dermatology”

This article discusses the role of estrogens in skin aging and reports no new findings; it highlights the potential of selective ER modulators to improve skin health without systemic side effects.

research The role of estrogen in cutaneous ageing and repair

158 citations , June 2017 in “Maturitas”

This review discusses the role of estrogen deficiency in post-menopausal skin aging and wound healing, highlighting opportunities for developing estrogen receptor-targeted therapies and reports no new clinical results.

research Estrogens and aging skin

150 citations , April 2013 in “Dermato-endocrinology”

This review discusses the effects of estrogen on skin aging and highlights potential therapies, but reports no new clinical findings.

research Effect of estrogens on skin aging and the potential role of SERMs

120 citations , October 2007 in “Clinical Interventions in Aging”

This review discusses the effects of estrogens on skin aging and highlights the potential benefits of estrogen replacement therapy and selective estrogen receptor modulators for improving skin health in postmenopausal women, but reports no new clinical findings.

research Anatomical and Dermatologic Manifestations of Estrogen Deficiency in Postmenopausal Women: A Systematic Review

December 2025 in “Pakistan Journal of Health Sciences”

This systematic review found that estrogen deficiency in postmenopausal women leads to structural and symptomatic changes in genital and cutaneous tissues, with local estrogen therapy providing short-term benefits, while evidence for device-based treatments remains limited and requires larger trials.

research MANAGING ESTROGEN-DEFICIENT SKIN: A NARRATIVE REVIEW ON THE ROLE OF HRT AND EMERGING ESTROGEN-MODULATING THERAPIES

December 2025 in “International Journal of Innovative Technologies in Social Science”

This review suggests that while estrogen-targeted therapies may improve skin quality in postmenopausal women, systemic risks limit hormone replacement therapies, and more research is needed for localized treatments.

research EP1410 - ECE_1202 - Individualized endocrine care in non-binary individuals: efficacy, safety, and long-term outcomes of microdosing and selective hormone modulators

August 2026 in “European Journal of Endocrinology”

This study found that individualized GAHT regimens, including microdosing, effectively improved gender congruence and quality of life for non-binary individuals, but some experienced a decrease in bone mineral density.

research Using the zebrafish lateral line to uncover novel mechanisms of action and prevention in drug-induced hair cell death

34 citations , February 2015 in “Frontiers in Cellular Neuroscience”

This study identified new genes and compounds affecting hair cell survival during ototoxin exposure using the zebrafish model, potentially aiding in understanding and preventing hearing loss and balance disorders in humans.

research Menopause and aging, quality of life and sexuality

55 citations , January 2007 in “Climacteric”

This paper reviews guidelines discussed at a meeting about research and practice themes, but reports no new research findings.

research Young coconut juice can accelerate the healing process of cutaneous wounds

19 citations , December 2012 in “BMC Complementary and Alternative Medicine”

This study demonstrates that young coconut juice appears to have estrogen-like properties that can accelerate wound healing in ovariectomized rats.

research Emerging medication for the treatment of male hypogonadism

77 citations , May 2012 in “Expert Opinion on Emerging Drugs”

New treatments for male hypogonadism are effective and should be personalized.

research Consequences of Anabolic-Androgenic Steroid Abuse in Males; Sexual and Reproductive Perspective

19 citations , June 2021 in “The world journal of men's health”

This review examines the negative effects of anabolic-androgenic steroid use on the male reproductive system, including impaired testosterone production, sperm production issues, and adverse metabolic consequences without reporting new clinical results.

research Chemoprävention des Prostatakarzinoms - Ein Plädoyer

1 citations , May 2012 in “Aktuelle Urologie”

This review discusses chemoprevention for prostate cancer and suggests that further open and unbiased investigation into various preventive compounds, including 5α-reductase inhibitors, is needed.

research Persistent Gynecomastia due to Short-term Low-dose Finasteride for Androgenetic Alopecia

April 2024 in “JCEM case reports”

This case report highlights a persistent gynecomastia in a young man following low-dose finasteride, suggesting that the incidence may be underreported and calls for patient counseling and early intervention.

research Trazodone associated with Clomiphene a proposal treatment for post finasteride syndrome

December 2023 in “Magna Scientia Advanced Research and Reviews”

This study proposes that combining trazodone and clomiphene citrate could potentially restore libido synaptic circuits and treat post-finasteride syndrome, which involves persistent sexual dysfunction after discontinuing finasteride treatment.

research Tamoxifen-associated hirsutism: an unusual side effect in a 5-year-old girl with McCune-Albright syndrome

January 2015 in “Journal of pediatric endocrinology & metabolism/Journal of pediatric endocrinology and metabolism”

In this case report, tamoxifen-induced hirsutism was observed in a young girl with McCune-Albright syndrome shortly after starting treatment.

research Cellular actions of testosterone in vascular cells: Mechanism independent of aromatization to estradiol

55 citations , June 2012 in “Steroids”

This study found that testosterone modulates vascular cell behavior through direct actions that do not rely on its conversion to estradiol.

research Oestrogen functions in skin and skin appendages

68 citations , June 2005 in “Expert Opinion on Therapeutic Targets”

This review discusses the influence of oestrogens on various skin components and highlights their modulatory roles and receptor pathways, but it reports no new clinical results.

research Androgen receptor: A promising therapeutic target in breast cancer

21 citations , March 2019 in “Critical Reviews in Clinical Laboratory Sciences”

This review discusses the role of the androgen receptor in breast cancer diagnosis and treatment, and notes a lack of new research results on its therapeutic potential.

research Rapid nongenomic modulation by neurosteroids of dendritic spines in the hippocampus: Androgen, oestrogen and corticosteroid

33 citations , December 2017 in “Journal of neuroendocrinology”

This study describes molecular mechanisms explaining how sex and stress steroids rapidly modulate dendritic spine formation in hippocampal neurons, suggesting recovery-like effects under steroid-depleted conditions compared to intact conditions.

research New approaches to the treatment of osteoporosis

28 citations , August 2000 in “Current Opinion in Chemical Biology”

This article reviews current osteoporosis treatments, focusing on the potential of selective androgen receptor modulators and other agents to enhance bone formation, but provides no new clinical data.

research A Review of Coumarin Derivatives in Pharmacotherapy of Breast Cancer

431 citations , October 2008 in “Current Medicinal Chemistry”

This review focuses on coumarin analogs with potential antibreast cancer activities but reports no new clinical results, highlighting their mechanisms of action and structure-activity relationships.

Intrinsic Versus Extrinsic Aging: A Histopathological, Morphometric, and Immunohistochemical Study of Estrogen Receptor β and Androgen Receptor

research Intrinsic versus Extrinsic Aging: A Histopathological, Morphometric and Immunohistochemical Study of Estrogen Receptor β and Androgen Receptor

9 citations , January 2016 in “Skin Pharmacology and Physiology”

This study observed that estrogen receptor β and androgen receptor expressions in the skin decline with age, more noticeably under sun exposure, suggesting a role in skin aging.