67 citations
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January 2007 in “Climacteric” Estrogens and SERMs can help with skin aging, but their safety and effectiveness need more research.
May 2013 in “UTUPub (University of Turku)” Including androgens in hormone therapy may lower breast cancer risk.
December 2025 in “Pakistan Journal of Health Sciences” This systematic review highlights that estrogen deficiency in postmenopausal women leads to significant anatomical and dermatologic changes, including vaginal and skin alterations. The review analyzed 18 studies, revealing that low-dose vaginal estradiol and selective estrogen receptor modulators effectively improve vaginal health and symptoms like dryness and dyspareunia with minimal systemic effects. Dermatologic issues such as xerosis, pruritus, dermatoses, nail fragility, and female-pattern hair loss are common. Imaging studies show reduced dermal and vaginal wall thickness. While local estrogen therapy provides reliable short-term benefits, device-based treatments like fractional CO₂ laser and radiofrequency are still in the investigational stage, necessitating larger trials for validation.
21 citations
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March 2019 in “Critical Reviews in Clinical Laboratory Sciences” The androgen receptor is a promising target for breast cancer treatment, especially in triple-negative cases, but more research is needed for personalized therapies.
187 citations
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December 2005 in “Experimental Dermatology” Estrogens can improve skin aging but carry risks; more research is needed on safer treatments.