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This review suggests that hair loss involves a complex interplay of androgen signaling with various regenerative and inflammatory pathways, challenging the view of dihydrotestosterone as the sole cause.

This narrative literature review by LUSTRAO examines the complex biological mechanisms influencing hair growth and loss, highlighting that androgen signalling, while significant, works within a network involving regenerative, inflammatory, and vascular processes, without establishing it as the sole explanation for conditions like androgenetic alopecia.

This review discusses alternative androgen pathways, including the "backdoor" pathway and pathways to 11-oxygenated steroids, and reports no new clinical results; the authors aim to clarify these concepts for better patient treatment.

This study demonstrates that DHT-induced lipid synthesis in sebocytes involves the mTOR pathway, suggesting mTOR inhibitors may help modulate androgen-dependent sebum overproduction.

This study found that 2-methoxyestradiol induces apoptosis in human prostate cancer cells by activating p53 through a pathway dependent on p38/JNK-mediated NFkappaB/AP-1 activation, with JNK-dependent Bcl-2 phosphorylation also playing a critical role.

This review examines androgenetic alopecia, detailing its causes and current treatments, but reports no new clinical results; the authors emphasize understanding its complexity for personalized therapy development.

This study found that Camellia oleifera seed shell polyphenols and 1,3,6-tri-O-galloylglucose improved androgenetic alopecia symptoms in mice by reducing DHT levels and activating specific hair growth pathways.

This study found that Pinus massoniana needles extract may promote hair regrowth in a mouse model of androgenetic alopecia, potentially by reducing oxidative stress and affecting immune, metabolic, and apoptosis-related pathways.

This study found that in androgenetic alopecia, the androgen receptor directly increases miR-221 transcription, which suppresses hair growth by targeting IGF-1 and inactivating specific signaling pathways.

This review outlines the complexities of understanding DHT biosynthesis and metabolism in the human prostate and reports no new findings, emphasizing the need for further research into the pathways involved.

This study found that liposterolic extracts of Serenoa repens enhanced hair regeneration and repair in DHT-induced hair loss mouse models, suggesting potential effects comparable to finasteride.

This study found that knocking down SFRP2 in an AGA model improved hair regeneration and reduced cellular dysfunction, suggesting that targeting the SFRP2-FSTL1 axis could be a promising therapeutic strategy for androgenetic alopecia.

This research examined krill oil's effects on benign prostatic hyperplasia and found that it inhibited the growth of prostate cells in vitro and reduced prostate size and weight in a BPH rat model, suggesting potential as a prophylactic or therapeutic agent for BPH.

In this study, Rosa rugosa water extract improved hair length and thickness in a mouse model of DHT-induced alopecia by enhancing the expression of hair growth-promoting factors while inhibiting growth-suppressive proteins, suggesting its potential as a natural therapy for hair loss prevention.

This study found that sleep deprivation in mice can trigger prostatitis by activating the cGAS-STING pathway due to reduced levels of dihydrotestosterone and melatonin, resulting in a pro-inflammatory environment, while recovery sleep can mitigate these effects.

This study found that a lotion containing specific plant extracts significantly increased the number of anagen hairs and the anagen/telogen ratio in subjects with androgenetic alopecia after three months of use.

This study found that BMPs can counteract the inhibitory effects of androgens on hair follicle stem cell differentiation, highlighting their critical role in the pathway dysregulation seen in androgenetic alopecia.

This study suggests that in SZ95 sebocytes, a pathway for DHT biosynthesis does not require testosterone as an intermediate, potentially impacting the treatment of androgen-sensitive skin conditions.

This review discusses the pathways of androgen biosynthesis and reports no new findings, highlighting the need to understand the interplay between the classic and backdoor pathways.

In this study, DHT was observed to have varying effects on hair follicle growth and related protein expression depending on concentration, with the Wnt/β-catenin pathway potentially playing a significant role.

This study found that vanillic acid from wheat bran promoted dermal papilla cell proliferation, potentially stimulating hair growth by activating the PI3K/Akt and Wnt/β-catenin pathways.

In this study, exosomes derived from Iris germanica L. rhizomes (Iris-exosomes) were reported to alleviate oxidative stress and improve mitochondrial function in human follicle dermal papilla cells by activating the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway, suggesting potential benefits for hair loss treatment.

This chapter reviews signaling pathways related to androgenic alopecia in dermal papilla cells of balding human scalps, integrating published information and analysis of molecular interactions, without reporting new clinical results.

This study found that administering tolerogenic dendritic cell-conditioned medium to dihydrotestosterone-treated mice promoted hair regrowth by modulating the follicular microenvironment, reducing pro-inflammatory cytokines, and activating key signaling pathways, highlighting its potential as a treatment for androgenetic alopecia.

This study found that exosomes derived from dental pulp mesenchymal stem cells (DPSC-Exos) significantly promoted hair regrowth and follicle density in a mouse model of androgenetic alopecia, showing similar efficacy to minoxidil by activating pathways that improve follicular vascularization and dermal papilla cell function.

This study found that Ishophloroglucin A from brown seaweed may treat androgenic alopecia by inhibiting 5α-reductase and promoting hair growth-related factors in human dermal papilla cells.

Low-frequency electromagnetic fields may help treat hair loss by promoting hair regrowth.

This study found that kaempferol may stimulate hair growth in androgenetic alopecia by enhancing dermal papilla cell function and reducing dihydrotestosterone-induced damage, showing comparable efficacy to finasteride in a mouse model.

This study discovered that exosomes from adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells can mitigate damage in dermal papilla cells by modulating the TGF-β1/SMAD2 signaling pathway through miRNAs miR-574-3p and miR-125a-5p, revealing potential therapeutic targets for androgenetic alopecia.

In this study, MitoQ was found to enhance hair growth and reverse DHT-induced hair loss in a mouse model of androgenetic alopecia by mediating the WNT/β-catenin pathway and increasing CYP19A1 expression, suggesting potential as a therapeutic intervention.