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In this study, researchers found that follicular and epidermal transglutaminases are biochemically and immunologically distinct, suggesting the possibility of selectively modifying hair or epidermal proteins.

In this study, researchers developed a new sodium alginate/chitosan/Zn2+ hydrogel that showed improved physical properties, antibacterial activity, and biocompatibility, and demonstrated enhanced wound healing and skin regeneration in an in vitro model.

This study investigated the formation of a specific chemical crosslink in hair proteins and explored the role of transamidase enzymes in hair follicles.

This study developed a hydrogel dressing incorporating angelica polysaccharides, demonstrating enhanced wound healing properties in a mouse model by promoting rapid hemostasis, tissue healing, and new blood vessel formation compared to Tegaderm™ film.

This study found that novel thiol-reactive cross-linking agents, particularly APA, significantly improved the tensile strength and elasticity of human hair fibers by effectively regenerating disulfide bridges, with potential applications for advanced hair repair treatments in the cosmetic industry.

In a study using a mouse model of diabetes, chitosan-based hydrogels increased healing markers and improved wound closure and tissue repair compared to untreated wounds, but human efficacy needs further validation.

In this study, rabbit esophageal epithelial cells were found to produce K4 and K13 keratins in suprabasal cells, forming disulfide-crosslinked dimers that may support the physical stability of the esophageal lining.

This study reported that an injectable hydrogel microparticle vaccine platform enhanced antibody responses and protection against influenza in mice, outperforming the traditional adjuvant aluminum hydroxide.

This study investigated a gelatin-based bioink for 3D bioprinting a simplified skin model, finding that a formulation with 15% gelatin and 150 mM calcium chloride supported a homogeneous distribution of viable cells over 14 days, showing promise for drug evaluation applications.

This study found that a double-crosslinked hydrogel using GelMA and sulfhydrylated chitosan showed promising results in healing full-thickness skin wounds in rats by accelerating tissue repair and promoting collagen and blood vessel formation.

In this study, a new pH-responsive hydrogel composed of polyvinyl alcohol and boric acid was found to release salvianolic acid B effectively, reducing excessive scar formation and enhancing tissue regeneration during early-stage wound healing.

This study found that D-peptide crosslinked MAP hydrogel accelerated material degradation in vivo but significantly enhanced skin regeneration, suggesting an adaptive immune response can drive regenerative healing even with rapid scaffold breakdown.

This study suggests that trichohyalin is modified by peptidyl-arginine deiminase before being cross-linked by TGase 3, allowing the formation of rigid structures in hair follicle cells.

This review discusses the formation and structure of the cornified cell envelope in the epidermis, highlighting biochemical pathways and genetic factors, but presents no new experimental results.

In an animal study with a skin defect model, this research reported that curcumin-loaded hydrogels made from recombinant humanized collagen and an eco-friendly crosslinker enhanced wound repair by promoting angiogenesis, granulation tissue formation, and hair follicle neogenesis, while providing antioxidant benefits.

This review discusses the chemical stability of protein envelopes found in the epidermis and other stratified squamous epithelia, but reports no new clinical results.

In this study, researchers developed an environmentally friendly hair coating from casein proteins and tannic acid, enhancing the tensile strength of virgin Asian hair by approximately 21% compared to untreated hair, while maintaining elasticity.

Specific cross-linkages help make hair proteins stable and strong.

This study introduces a magnet-assisted fabrication strategy for creating complex 3D soft bioscaffolds, demonstrating its effectiveness by producing structures with overhangs and supporting biohybrid actuators, promising advancements in biomedical applications.

This study reported that a novel chitosan/polyvinyl alcohol nanofiber sponge effectively enhances the hair follicle-inducing ability of dermal papilla multicellular spheroids in a mouse model.

Minoxidil affects collagen-related genes, potentially helping treat fibrosis.

This research developed a zinc-doped nanocomposite using biodegradable materials, observing effective bone targeting and regeneration capabilities in vivo, with no observed cytotoxicity in the MG63 cell line, potentially due to blocking Farnesyl Diphosphate Synthetase to inhibit osteoclastic activity and promote osteogenesis.

Hair follicles have an enzyme that converts arginine to citrulline in proteins.

This study explains how the development of keratin-associated proteins in embryonic epidermis is crucial for forming protective barriers in vertebrates, enabling them to adapt to terrestrial environments.

In this study, using tyrosine as a cross-linking agent for hair perming showed better initial results compared to commercial products, though efficiency decreased after washing without compromising hair strength.

This study reported that a newly developed bioadhesive and injectable hydrogel dressing, incorporating hyaluronate-gelatin and the antibiotic doxycycline, accelerated burn wound healing and skin regeneration in rats, highlighting its potential for clinical applications in burn injury therapy.

This study found that modern styling cosmetics can significantly alter hair structure through changes in interfacial chemistry and cohesion, particularly when applied to already damaged hair.

This study found that keratin-associated proteins form part of the developing exocuticle and a-layer in hair fiber cuticle cells, while cornified envelope proteins were absent.

This study found that non-toxic polycarboxylic acids can achieve satisfactory hair perming effects with limited strength loss, suggesting they have potential as a safer alternative to harmful perming chemicals.

This study reveals that transglutaminase activity is widespread in integumentary structures of mammals and birds, suggesting it plays a significant role in the cornification of hard skin appendages like nails and feathers.