Magnetically Driven Formation of 3D Freestanding Soft Bioscaffolds

The study introduces a novel method for creating 3D freestanding soft bioscaffolds using magnetically driven transformation of 2D hydrogel precursors. This technique allows for the formation of complex 3D structures, such as branching vascular channels, by applying magnetic fields to manipulate hydrogels embedded with magnetic ink. The process involves using a crosslinkable hydrogel bath, like GelMA, which is UV crosslinked to stabilize the structure, and then dissolving sacrificial gelatin to leave perfusable channels. The method is biocompatible, as demonstrated by culturing human umbilical vein endothelial cells and normal human lung fibroblasts within the scaffolds, showing good cell viability. This versatile approach supports various hydrogels and multilayered structures, with potential applications in tissue engineering and regenerative medicine.