research Convergent Evolution of Cysteine-Rich Keratins in Hard Skin Appendages of Terrestrial Vertebrates
Cysteine-rich keratins evolved independently in mammals, reptiles, and birds for hard skin structures like hair, claws, and feathers.
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30 / 1000+ results research The Structure of the Cornified Claw Sheath in the Domesticated Cat (Felis Catus): Implications for the Claw-Shedding Mechanism and the Evolution of Cornified Digital End Organs
Cat claws stay sharp by shedding their outer layer through microcracks formed during activities.
research Flightless I Expression Enhances Murine Claw Regeneration Following Digit Amputation
Mice with more Flightless I protein grew back their claws better after amputation.
research Tooth, Hair, and Claw: Comparing Epithelial Stem Cell Niches of Ectodermal Appendages
The conclusion is that teeth, hair, and claws have similar stem cell niches, which are important for growth and repair, and more research is needed on their regulation and potential markers.
research Review: Evolution And Diversification Of Corneous Beta-Proteins, The Characteristic Epidermal Proteins Of Reptiles And Birds
Corneous beta-proteins evolved uniquely in reptiles and birds, forming scales, claws, beaks, and feathers.
research Evolution of Trichocyte Keratins
Hair keratins evolved from ancient proteins, diversifying through gene changes, crucial for forming claws and later hair in mammals.
research Trichohyalin-Like Proteins Have Evolutionarily Conserved Roles in the Morphogenesis of Skin Appendages
Trichohyalin-like proteins are essential for the development of skin structures like hair, nails, and feathers.
research Immunolocalization of Scaffoldin, a Trichohyalin-Like Protein, in the Epidermis of the Chicken Embryo
Scaffoldin helps form hard skin structures in chicken embryos.
research Deletion of Hoxc13 in Frogs Reveals Key Steps in the Molecular Evolution of Cornified Skin Appendages
Deleting the Hoxc13 gene in frogs shows its crucial role in developing skin structures similar to hair.
research Epidermolysis Bullosa in Animals: A Review
Epidermolysis bullosa is a genetic disease causing fragile skin and blisters in both animals and humans.
research Morphology and Properties of Hair
Hair is made of strong keratin fibers that protect against the environment.
research Cosmetics, Hair, And Nails
Hair and nails are skin parts that develop early and serve protective and functional roles.
research The Character 'Hairless' in the Mouse
Hairless mice lack fur due to a genetic mutation affecting skin response, not hormone issues.
research Ectodermal Organ Stem Cells: Morphogenesis, Population Regenerative Behavior, and Evolutionary Development
Different ectodermal organs like hair and feathers regenerate differently, with specific stem cells and signals involved in their growth and response to the environment.
research Morpho-Regulation of Ectodermal Organs
Modulating BMP activity changes the number, size, shape, and type of ectodermal organs.
research The Role of Smads in Skin Development
Smad-4 and Smad-7 are key in hair follicle development, with other Smads being less important.
research Disrupted Ectodermal Organ Morphogenesis in Mice with a Conditional Histone Deacetylase 1, 2 Deletion in the Epidermis
Mice without certain skin proteins had abnormal skin and hair development.
research The Structure of the Amorphous Matrix of Keratins
Human hair keratin fibers have a detailed nano-scale structure that changes with different conditions.
research Immunolocalization of a Histidine-Rich Epidermal Differentiation Protein in the Chicken Supports the Hypothesis of an Evolutionary Developmental Link Between the Embryonic Subperiderm and Feather Barbs and Barbules
A specific protein in chicken embryos links early skin layers to feather development.
research Perspectives on Hair Evolution Based on Comparative Studies on Vertebrate Cornification
Hair in mammals likely evolved from glandular structures, not scales.
research Transcriptome Analyses of Reprogrammed Feather/Scale Chimeric Explants Revealed Co-Expressed Epithelial Gene Networks During Organ Specification
Key genes can rewire networks, changing skin appendage types.
research Single-Cell Transcriptomics Defines Keratinocyte Differentiation in Avian Scutate Scales
The research identified two types of keratinocytes in chicken scales: one for hard scales and another for soft skin, with similarities to human skin differentiation.
research How a Bird Gets Its Feathers: Insights from Chromatin Looping
Feather patterns are influenced by enhancers and chromatin looping, and the structure of protein complexes important for hair growth has been detailed.
research Morphological Characteristics and Notes of the Skin in Preclinical Toxicity Assessment
Skin structure complexity and variability are crucial for assessing skin toxicity in safety tests.
research Inherited Disorders of the Hair
The document explains the genetic causes and characteristics of inherited hair disorders.
research Specific Ectodermal Enhancers Control the Expression of Hoxc Genes in Developing Mammalian Integuments
The HoxC gene cluster and its enhancers are essential for developing hair and nails in mammals.
research Self-Assessment of a 13-Year-Old Cat with Severe Alopecia, Erythema, and Pruritus Leading to a Diagnosis of Paraneoplastic Alopecia
The cat's skin condition was linked to cancer and did not improve with treatment, leading to a poor outcome.
research Hair Today
The document concludes that understanding hair biology is key to treating hair disorders, with gene therapy showing potential as a future treatment.
research Epidemiology, Diagnosis, and Management of Hirsutism: A Consensus Statement by the Androgen Excess and Polycystic Ovary Syndrome Society
Experts recommend using evidence-based methods to diagnose and treat hirsutism, focusing on symptoms and underlying causes.
research Acidic and Basic Hair/Nail (Hard) Keratins: Their Colocalization in Upper Cortical and Cuticle Cells of the Human Hair Follicle and Their Relationship to Soft Keratins
Hair and nail cells share similar proteins, indicating a common differentiation pathway.