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Stem cell self-renewal is complex and needs more research for full understanding.

Too much Smad7 changes skin and hair development by breaking down a protein called β-catenin, leading to more oil glands and fewer hair follicles.

The Wnt/β-catenin pathway helps tissue regeneration but can also cause fibrosis, and drugs that inhibit this pathway may aid in healing skin and heart tissues.

MicroRNAs are important for skin health and could be targets for new skin disorder treatments.

Hes1 protein is important for hair growth and regeneration, and could be a potential treatment for hair loss.

Hair loss in Androgenetic alopecia (AGA) is due to altered cell sensitivity to hormones, not increased hormone levels. Hair growth periods shorten over time, causing hair to become thinner and shorter. This is linked to miscommunication between cell pathways in hair follicles. There's also a change in gene expression related to blood vessels and cell growth in balding hair follicles. The exact molecular causes of AGA are still unclear.

Fat-related cells are important for initiating hair growth.

Estrogens significantly influence hair growth by interacting with receptors in hair follicles and may help regulate the hair growth cycle.

Skin aging is due to impaired stem cell mobilization or fewer responsive stem cells.

Male genital development is driven by androgen signaling and understanding it could help address congenital anomalies.

Macrophages help hair growth after injury through CX3CR1 and TGF-β1.

Wnt7a protein is crucial for development and tissue maintenance and plays varying roles in diseases and potential treatments.

Skin cell-derived vesicles can help heal skin injuries effectively.

Stem cells help remove dead cells to keep tissues healthy by balancing cell replacement and clearance.

The skin's basement membrane is specially designed to support different types of connections between skin layers and hair follicles.

The document concludes that pig iPSCs show promise for transplant therapies and the field is advancing in controlling cell behavior for biology and medicine.

MicroRNAs are crucial in controlling cell signaling, affecting cancer and tissue regeneration.

Overexpression of activin A in mice skin causes skin thickening, fibrosis, and improved wound healing.

ATP-dependent chromatin-remodeling complexes are crucial for gene regulation, cell differentiation, and organ development in mammals.

Asia has made significant progress in tissue engineering and regenerative medicine, but wider clinical use requires more development.

Hair grows faster in the morning and is more vulnerable to damage from radiation due to the internal clock in hair follicle cells.

MicroRNA-214 is important for skin and hair growth because it affects the Wnt pathway.

The Wnt/β-catenin pathway is important for tissue development and has potential in regenerative medicine, but requires more research for therapeutic use.

BMP2 and BMP7 have opposite roles in feather formation.

Activating the Wnt/β-catenin pathway could lead to new hair loss treatments.

Wnt signaling is crucial for skin and hair development and its disruption can cause skin tumors.

Inactive hair follicle stem cells help prevent skin cancer.

MicroRNAs are crucial for controlling skin development and healing by regulating genes.

TGFβ's manipulation of inflammation and immune cells affects cancer spread, suggesting new treatment strategies and biomarkers.

The conclusion is that understanding how feathers and hairs pattern can help in developing hair regeneration treatments.