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June 2010 in “Endocrinology and metabolism clinics of North America” Two rare genetic diseases cause severe rickets in children due to defects in vitamin D metabolism.
135 citations,
December 2006 in “PLoS Medicine” Hyaluronate fragments can help reverse skin thinning by working with the CD44 receptor.
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August 2008 in “Development” Dlx3 is essential for hair growth and regeneration.
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April 1986 in “The journal of cell biology/The Journal of cell biology” Trichohyalin is a protein in hair follicles that helps form hair filaments.
107 citations,
March 2014 in “BoneKEy Reports” Mutations in the vitamin D receptor cause hereditary vitamin D-resistant rickets, leading to poor bone health and requiring high calcium doses for treatment.
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March 2019 in “Frontiers in immunology” Damaging mutations in NFKB2 cause a severe and distinct form of primary immunodeficiency with early-onset and often ACTH-deficiency.
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April 2017 in “Oncotarget” Smaller nanoemulsions can penetrate skin and hair follicles better, which may be useful for delivering drugs and vaccines through the skin.
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December 2015 in “Cochrane library” No single treatment is clearly effective for central serous chorioretinopathy.
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September 2015 in “Acta biomaterialia” Alkylation of human hair keratin allows for adjustable drug release rates in hydrogels for medical use.
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August 2014 in “PeerJ” Human hair proteins vary by individual, body site, and ethnicity, useful for forensics.
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October 2011 in “Experimental dermatology” Scalp itching is common and hard to diagnose due to the complex nerve structure of the scalp.
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July 2014 in “Autophagy” The protein FLCN is involved in cellular cleanup and is regulated by ULK1.
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August 2004 in “Human Reproduction Update” Testosterone replacement can help women with low libido and mood, but they need to have enough estrogen first to avoid side effects.
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January 2023 in “Signal Transduction and Targeted Therapy” New therapies are being developed that target integrin pathways to treat various diseases.
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September 2012 in “Biomacromolecules” Disulfide bonds make keratin in hair stronger and tougher.
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February 2013 in “Annals of Clinical Biochemistry” Understanding how DHT works is important for diagnosing and treating hormone-related disorders.
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January 2007 in “PubMed” Minoxidil 2% and 5% are common treatments for female pattern hair loss, with other options including anti-androgens, oral contraceptives, and hair transplantation.
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November 2021 in “Annual review of pathology” Lysophospholipids like LPA and S1P are important for hair growth, immune responses, and vascular development, and could be targeted for treating diseases.
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August 2013 in “International Journal of Women's Health” Female pattern hair loss is caused by multiple factors and while treatments like topical minoxidil, hormone therapy, and low-level light therapy can help, none can fully cure it.
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September 2007 in “BMC developmental biology” Neuregulin3 affects cell development in the skin and mammary glands.
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January 2019 in “International Journal of Women's Dermatology” The document concluded that more research is needed to find the best treatment for Frontal fibrosing alopecia.
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June 2015 in “Journal of cardiovascular pharmacology and therapeutics” Direct vasodilators and sympatholytic agents are still useful for certain conditions despite being less common due to side effects and newer drugs.
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July 2021 in “Clinical, Cosmetic and Investigational Dermatology” Nanocarrier technology in cosmetics improves ingredient delivery and effectiveness while reducing side effects.
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February 2019 in “eLife” BMP signaling is essential for the development of touch domes.
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October 2020 in “eLife” Higher testosterone levels can increase the risk of certain diseases like type 2 diabetes in women and prostate cancer in men, but can also protect against autoimmune diseases and hair loss. It also affects body fat and bone density.
28 citations,
September 2021 in “EMBO reports” Osthole inhibits the TRPV3 channel by binding to specific sites, potentially aiding drug development for skin diseases and cancers.
24 citations,
September 2014 in “PloS one” Thyroid hormone receptors are essential for hair growth and wound healing.
23 citations,
December 2021 in “Frontiers in Immunology” IL-1 family cytokines are crucial for skin defense and healing, but their imbalance can cause skin diseases.
22 citations,
August 2020 in “Cells” TGM3 is important for skin and hair structure and may help diagnose cancer.
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August 2015 in “PloS one” Keratin from hair binds well to gold and BMP-2, useful for bone repair.